拉萨河谷地区施氮磷肥对小黑麦生产性能和营养品质的影响
乔伟 , 翟亚军 , 牟涛 , 武俊喜 , 余成群 , 苗彦军
高原农业 ›› 2025, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (05) : 637 -646.
拉萨河谷地区施氮磷肥对小黑麦生产性能和营养品质的影响
Impact of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on the Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Triticale in the Lasa Valley Region
为探讨拉萨河谷地区施用氮肥、磷肥对小黑麦产量品质的影响,确定该地区的合理施肥量,于2023年以饲用小黑麦豫饲601为试验材料,进行了不同氮肥、磷肥单因素试验。氮(N)肥处理为:0、60、120、180、240、300 kg/hm2,磷(P2O5)肥处理为:0、27、54、81、108、135 kg/hm2,并测定小黑麦在拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期的生产性能和营养品质。结果表明,施氮量对植株生长、干草产量均有显著影响。在施氮量试验中,N4处理组在抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期的株高和干草产量均显著高于其他处理组,且在灌浆时期产量达到最高。相比之下,施磷量对小黑麦的株高、干草产量的影响不显著。在营养品质方面,施氮量显著提高了小黑麦的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量,对ADF和NDF含量无显著影响;而施磷量对这些营养品质的含量影响有限。研究认为,在拉萨河谷地区土壤养分贫瘠的地段,建议施氮肥量在180 ~ 240 kg/hm2,施磷肥量在80 ~ 108 kg/hm2,在肥力较好的地段可考虑不施磷肥或采取隔年一次的施肥策略。本研究为拉萨河谷地区小黑麦的合理施肥提供了科学依据,有助于指导农业生产实践。
This study investigated the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application on the yield and quality of triticale in the Lhasa River Valley to determine the appropriate fertilization rates for the region. A field experiment was conducted in 2023 using the forage triticale variety Yusi 601 as the test material. Single-factor experiments with different nitrogen and phosphorus application rates were designed. The N fertilizer treatments were 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 kg/hm², while the P2O5 fertilizer treatments were at 0, 27, 54, 81, 108, and 135 kg/hm². The production performance and nutritional quality of triticale were measured at the jointing, heading, filling, and maturity stages. The results showed that nitrogen application significantly affected plant growth and dry matter yield. In the nitrogen application experiment, the N4 treatment group (180 kg/hm²) exhibited significantly greater plant height and dry matter yield at the heading, filling, and maturity stages compared to other treatments, with the highest yield observed during the filling stage. In contrast, phosphorus application had no significant effect on plant height or dry matter yield. In terms of nutritional quality, nitrogen application significantly increased the crude protein and crude fat content of triticale but had no significant effect on ADF (acid detergent fiber) and NDF (neutral detergent fiber) content. Phosphorus application had limited effects on these nutritional parameters. In conclusion, for areas with poor soil fertility in the Lasa River Valley, it was recommended to apply nitrogen at a rate of 180 ~ 240 kg/hm² and phosphorus at a rate of 80 ~ 108 kg/hm². In areas with better soil fertility, phosphorus application may be omitted or applied biennially. This study provides a scientific basis for rational fertilization of triticale in the Lasa River Valley and offers practical guidance for agricultural production.
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(30660127)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(30860039)
拉萨市区域科技协同创新专项(QYXTZX-LS2022-01)
西藏高寒牧草新品种选育与高效生产技术研究(XZ202401ZY0103)
西藏草业时空拓展技术模式创新与示范(XZ202101ZD003N)
“新农科”高原植物生产类专业提升实践创新能力平台建设(藏财预指2023-1号)
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