马铃薯干腐病拮抗细菌的筛选与鉴定及其促生特性测定
余长洪 , 聂子芳 , 王鑫 , 陈扬 , 旦增 , 何建清
高原农业 ›› 2026, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (1) : 29 -37.
马铃薯干腐病拮抗细菌的筛选与鉴定及其促生特性测定
Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Bacteria of Potato Dry Rot and Determination of Their Growth Promoting Characteristics
本研究旨在筛选出防治马铃薯干腐病的优良拮抗细菌。试验选用健康的马铃薯茎块分离内生细菌作为拮抗菌源,采用平板对峙法筛选出抑菌率较高的拮抗细菌,进行室内防治试验确定该菌防治效果,依据形态学、生理生化特性和分子生物学特征,对该菌进行分类,并测定其抑菌谱和促生特性。试验结果表明:通过平板对峙法筛选出了1株对马铃薯干腐病菌抑制率达52.23%的拮抗细菌MH1;经鉴定该菌为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis;室内防治试验显示,经MH1处理的马铃薯茎块与对照相比未观察到病斑扩展,相对防效为83±3.43%;抑菌谱试验结果显示,对测定的7株病原菌均表现出抑菌活性,抑菌率介于41.18%至75.58%之间,表明该菌株抑菌谱广;促生试验显示该菌具有固氮、解钙、产铁载体和IAA的能力。试验结果显示该菌具有开发为马铃薯干腐病生防菌剂的潜力。
This study aimed to screen antagonistic bacteria with potential for controlling potato dry rot. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from healthy potato tubers and screened via dual-culture plate assays for antagonistic activity against the pathogen.A strain designated MH1, which exhibited an inhibition rate of 52.23% against Fusarium spp., was selected for further study. Based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics, MH1 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. In vivo assays demonstrated that MH1 treatment effectively suppressed lesion expansion on potato tubers compared to the control. Moreover, MH1 displayed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against seven tested plant pathogens, with inhibition rates ranging from 41.18%to 75.58%. Additionally, MH1 showed plant growth-promoting traits, including nitrogen fixation, calcium solubilization, siderophore production, and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)biosynthesis.These results indicate that Bacillus subtilis MH1 has strong potential for development as a biocontrol agent against potato dry rot.
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国家自然科学基金“西藏特有荒漠植物砂生槐根际促生菌(PGPR)促生与增强抗旱性机制研究”(31560001)
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