西藏农牧业集聚及可持续发展的影响因素研究
Agglomeration of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Enterprises and Its Impact on Sustainable Development in Xizang
农牧业是西藏基础产业,农牧业企业空间分布及其集聚嵌入地方程度,可以诠释农牧企业服务西藏可持续发展的自我造血能力及农牧业发展地方性。基于2011、2021年份农牧业企业POI及其集聚区相关行业属性数据,采用地统计、地理探测器探究农牧业企业分布格局及其影响因素,进而选取农牧业企业密集区(拉萨和日喀则)案例分析集聚区企业社会网络并分类诠释企业地方嵌入度及其可持续发展影响。研究发现:(1)西藏农牧企业2011 - 2021年迅速增长,分布态势从“一江两河”向外扩散,那曲、日喀则、林芝及阿里地区相关县(区)尤其是边境县农牧企业分布呈现较强的空间自相关性。(2)西藏农牧企业空间分布受耕地面积、企业集聚度、人口密度等关键因子影响,河网密度与耕地面积交互作用对西藏农牧企业空间分布具有最强的解释力。(3)西藏农牧业企业高嵌入性带来较为稳定的地方发展模式及和谐的利益分配,但是双重制约产业升级,低嵌入性模式恰好相反。这表明西藏农牧业可持续发展关键在于如何权衡产业漏损、顺畅集聚学习渠道。
Agriculture and animal husbandry is a basic industry in Xizang, and the spatial distribution of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises and the degree of their agglomeration and embeddedness in the local area can interpret the self-breeding ability of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises to serve the sustainable development of Xizang and the locality of agricultural and animal husbandry development. Based on the POI of agricultural and livestock enterprises and the related industry attribute data of their clusters in 2011 and 2021, the distribution patterns of farming and pastoral enterprises and their influencing factors using geostatistics and geodetectors were explord and then the social network of enterprises in clusters (Lasa and Rikaze) was analyzed by selecting cases of agricultural and livestock enterprises, and the local embeddedness of enterprises and its influence on sustainable development were classified and interpreted. The findings are as follows: (1) The farming and pastoral enterprises in Xizang experienced rapid development from 2011 to 2021, and their distribution spread outward from "the Yarlung Zangbo River, the Nianchu River and the Lasa River". Distribution of farming and pastoral enterprises in Nagqu, Rikaze, Linzhi and Ali refecture, especially in border counties, showed strong spatial autocorrelation. (2) Spatial distribution of farming and pastoral enterprises in Xizang was influenced by key factors, such as cultivated land area, enterprise concentration and population density. The interaction between river network density and cultivated land area had the strongest explanatory power to spatial distribution of farming and pastoral enterprises in Xizang. (3) The high embeddedness of Xizang agriculture and animal husbandry enterprises brought a stable local development model and a harmonious distribution of benefits, but the low embeddedness model was just the opposite, which restricted the industrial upgrading. Therefore, the key to advancing the sustainable development of Xizang's farming and pastoral lies in how to weigh industrial leakage and smooth gathering of learning channels.
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第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0406)
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