萨迦古代灌溉系统的工程技术特征及现代启示
The Engineering and Technical Characteristics of the Ancient Irrigation System in Sakya and Its Modern Implications
萨迦古代灌溉系统是青藏高原高寒环境下具有代表性的水利工程遗产。本文结合历史文献与工程分析方法,系统解析其组成结构、运行机制及综合效益。研究表明,该灌溉系统通过渠道网络、蓄水池群及闸门控制构建了一套完整的技术体系:渠道采取三级布局并运用本土防渗工艺,水力结构设计科学合理;蓄水池利用高原强日照条件来提升水温,并借助复合结构增强防渗性能;在管理层面,以冲曲河水闸为核心,结合社区主导的三级共治模式,实现了水资源的季节性调控。该体系不仅有效提升了农业产能、推动了聚落发展,更形成了技术、制度与文化三者协同的适应性治理范式,其所蕴含的生态智慧与治理经验,对现代高海拔地区应对水资源挑战具有重要的借鉴价值。
The ancient irrigation system of Sakya is a representative water conservancy engineering heritage in the high-cold environment of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. This paper combines historical literature and engineering analysis methods to systematically analyze its composition structure, operation mechanism, and comprehensive benefits. Research shows that this irrigation system has established a complete technical system through channel network, reservoir group, and gate control: the channels adopt a three-level layout and apply local anti-seepage technology, and the hydraulic structure design is scientific and reasonable, The reservoir takes advantage of the strong sunlight conditions on the plateau to raise the water temperature and enhances the anti-seepage performance with the help of a composite structure. At the management level, with the Chongqu River water gate as the core and combined with the three-level co-governance model led by the community, seasonal regulation of water resources has been achieved. This system not only effectively enhances agricultural productivity and promotes the development of settlements, but also forms an adaptive governance model that integrates technology, system, and culture. The ecological wisdom and governance experience it contains have a significant reference value for modern high-altitude areas in addressing water resource challenges.
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西藏自治区科技计划项目资助,水灾害防御工程技术实验研究与推广示范(XZ202501ZY0004)
国家自然科学基金区域创新联合发展基金,雅下深厚覆盖层水动力潜蚀渗透变形机理与渗控关键研究(U24A20171)
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