色季拉山三种优势灌木对重金属的富集特征及修复潜力研究
Heavy Metal Enrichment Characteristics and Phytoremediation Potential of Three Dominant Shrub Species in Sejila Mountain
本研究以西藏色季拉山典型灌木唐古特忍冬(Lonicera tangutica)、峨眉蔷薇(Rosa omeiensis)和滇西北小檗(Berberis johannis)为研究对象,通过测定其叶片与细根中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn和Hg的含量,结合富集系数、转移系数及隶属函数分析法,系统探究了3种灌木对重金属的累积特征及生态修复潜力。结果表明:3种灌木不同器官中重金属含量总体呈现叶片 > 细根的分布特征,6种重金属含量依次为Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg;唐古特忍冬对各重金属元素(除Cu外)的富集能力最强,其对Cd、Cr、Zn、Hg的转运能力也最为突出,而峨眉蔷薇则表现出对Cu、Pb的特异性转运优势;隶属函数分析显示3种灌木的复合转运能力排序为滇西北小檗 > 峨眉蔷薇 > 唐古特忍冬。研究发现,3种灌木对重金属的累积与转运能力具有显著的物种特异性、器官选择性和元素依赖性,其中叶片在重金属吸收过程中起主导作用;唐古特忍冬的单一重金属转运能力最优,但滇西北小檗表现出更均衡的复合转运能力,且单一与复合转运能力无显著相关性。本研究证实3种灌木对特定重金属均表现出超富集潜力,为高原地区重金属污染土壤的植物修复提供了重要的种质资源和理论依据。
This study investigated the heavy metal accumulation characteristics and phytoremediation potential of 3 dominant shrub species (Lonicera tangutica, Rosa omeiensis, and Berberis johannis ) in Sejila Mountain of Xizang. Through analysis of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg concentrations in leaves and fine roots, combined with bioaccumulation factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), and membership function analysis, we systematically evaluated their heavy metal accumulation patterns and ecological remediation potential. Results demonstrated: (1) Heavy metal concentrations in the three shrubs generally exhibited a leaf > fine root distribution pattern, with the overall content order Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg; (2) L. tangutica showed the strongest enrichment capacity for all heavy metals except Cu, with particularly prominent translocation ability for Cd, Cr, Zn, and Hg; (3) R. omeiensis displayed specific translocation advantages for Cu and Pb; (4) Membership function analysis revealed the comprehensive translocation capacity followed the order: B. johannis > R. omeiensis > L. tangutica. The study identified significant species-specific, organ-selective, and element- dependent characteristics in heavy metal accumulation and translocation, with leaves playing a dominant role in metal uptake. Notably, while L. tangutica exhibited optimal single-metal translocation capacity, B. johannis demonstrated more balanced multi-metal translocation performance, showing no significant correlation between single-metal and comprehensive translocation capacities. These findings confirm the hyperaccumulation potential of these shrubs for specific heavy metals, providing valuable germplasm resources and theoretical support for phytoremediation of contaminated soils in plateau regions.
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西藏自治区自然科学基金(XZ202501ZR0103)
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