叶面喷施功能肥料对察隅“金隅”猕猴桃果实品质的影响
Effects of Foliar Spraying of Functional Fertilizers on Fruit Quality of Chayu "Jinyu" Kiwifruit
为提高西藏察隅县猕猴桃营养价值,探索当地猕猴桃矿物质营养强化途径,本研究以6 a生的“金隅”猕猴桃为试材,于幼果期进行叶面喷施硒、锌、钙肥试验,并测定其单果重等外观指标、维生素C等营养物质含量,采用主成分分析对果实品质进行综合评价,研究叶面喷施硒、锌、钙肥对猕猴桃果实品质的影响。结果表明:叶面喷硒可提高果实硒含量,以30 L/667 m2喷施15 mg/L硒肥处理的猕猴桃硒含量为0.05 mg/kg,满足富硒水果标准,且果实纵横径、单果重和果实硬度等品质有所提高。叶面喷施锌肥可提高果实维生素C、可溶性固形物和锌含量。叶面喷施不同浓度钙肥均显著提高果实钙含量,含钙量为0.3%的钙肥喷至叶面滴水时果实钙含量最高,达1 261.66 mg/kg。叶面喷钙还可改善果实品质,有效减缓猕猴桃室温储存15 d后果实硬度的下降程度,但对果形无显著影响。硒、锌、钙肥均能提高果实对应矿质元素含量,并综合改善果实营养品质。
In order to improve the nutritional value of kiwifruit in Chayu County, Xizang, and explore reference for mineral nutrition of kiwifruit. This study used six-year-old "Jinyu" kiwifruit as the test material. Foliar spraying experiments were conducted with selenium, zinc, and calcium fertilizers during the young fruit stage,and the appearance indicators such as single fruit weight and the content of nutrients such as vitamin C were measured. Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality, and the effects of foliar spraying with selenium, zinc, and calcium fertilizers on kiwifruit fruit quality were investigated. The results showed that foliar application of selenium could improve the selenium content of fruit, and the kiwifruit treated with 15 mg/L selenium fertilizer at a rate of 30 L/mu had a selenium content of 0.05 mg/kg, meeting the standard of selenium-enriched fruits. Additionally, the quality of the fruit, including single fruit weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and fruit hardness was improved. Foliar spraying of zinc fertilizer could increase the contents of vitamin C, soluble solids and zinc in fruits. Foliar spraying of different concentrations of calcium fertilizer significantly increased calcium content. When 0.3% calcium fertilizer was sprayed until water dripped from the leaves, the calcium content of the fruit reached its peak, at 1 261.66 mg/kg.Foliar calcium application also improved fruit quality and effectively slowed down the decrease in fruit firmness after 15 days of storage at room temperature, but had no significant effect on fruit shape. Selenium, zinc and calcium fertilizers could increase the content of corresponding mineral elements in fruits, and comprehensively improve the nutritional quality of fruits.
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西藏农牧学院研究生处2025年研究生实践基地(科技小院)建设项目(YJSXY2025-07)
2025年中央财政支持地方高校发展改革专项资金:高原特色农牧科技小院建设及学科综合服务能力提升(YJSXK2025-14)
西藏自治区科学技术协会“基于猕猴桃矿物质强化技术的功能农业基层服务”(藏科协发字〔2024〕21号)
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