色季拉山垂直植被带谱下土壤团聚体粒级结构与稳定性
曹盛明 , 赵卓 , 田方霄 , 旦增欧珠 , 张娟 , 万丹
高原农业 ›› 2026, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (3) : 366 -376.
色季拉山垂直植被带谱下土壤团聚体粒级结构与稳定性
Soil Aggregate Stability and Particle Size Structure under Vertical Vegetation Spectrum in Sejila Mountain
本研究旨在系统考察色季拉山垂直带谱中(海拔3 188 ~ 4 367 m)典型植被生态系统(草甸、灌木、针叶林、针阔混交林和人工林)下土壤团聚体的粒径分布特征及其稳定性差异。采用分层采样法获取0 ~ 10 cm、10 ~ 20 cm和20 ~ 40 cm土层的土壤团聚体,通过筛分法测定团聚体各粒径占比,采用平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、分形维数(D)及团聚体破碎率(PAD)等多项参数,结合不同粒径团聚体的分布比例,系统评价了色季拉山垂直植被带谱下土壤团聚体稳定性。主要研究结果如下:(1)各植被下机械稳定性团聚体均以> 0.25 mm粒级为主(54.9% ~ 85.6%)。经湿筛处理后,土壤团聚体粒径分布发生显著变化(P < 0.05),< 0.25 mm微团聚体含量显著增加,> 5 mm大团聚体含量则显著降低;(2)方差分析表明,不同植被间团聚体稳定性存在显著差异(P < 0.05),整体表现为:中低海拔(针阔混交林)> 低海拔(人工林)> 高海拔(草甸、灌木)> 中高海拔(针叶林)的垂直地带性特征。除中针叶林外,其余植被下团聚体稳定性均随土层深度增加而显著降低(P < 0.05),表现出明显的铅直分异规律;土壤团聚体破碎率在19.81% ~ 69.52%之间,针叶林显著高于其他类型(P < 0.05);(3)色季拉山团聚体稳定性沿海拔梯度的变化主要受海拔梯度所驱动的植被垂直带谱和土层深度的直接控制,方差分析表明,植被类型与土层深度的交互效应对两种不同处理条件下土壤团聚体的组成分布及其稳定性能均产生了极为显著的影响。(P < 0.01),水分增强二者对团聚体的协同影响;(4)相关性分析表明,团聚体结构极显著影响团聚体稳定性(P < 0.01)。> 5 mm粒级大团聚体有利于稳定性团聚体结构形成,<0.25 mm粒级微团聚体积累降低团聚体稳定性。相对于MWD、GMD,分形维数D受水分作用影响较小,可作为水力侵蚀下微结构退化的敏感指标。本研究揭示了海拔梯度通过植被类型和土层深度共同调控团聚体稳定性的机制,对高寒山区土壤结构恢复与生态屏障功能提升具有理论与实践意义。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the particle size distribution and stability of soil aggregates across typical vegetation types (meadow, shrub, coniferous forest, mixed coniferous-broad leaf forest, and plantation) along an elevational gradient (3 188 ~ 4 367 m) on Sejila Mountain. Soil samples were collected from 0 ~ 10 cm, 10 ~ 20 cm, and 20 ~ 40 cm depths. Aggregate stability was evaluated using MWD, GMD, D, and PAD. Key findings include:(1) Mechanically stable aggregates were dominated by the > 0.25 mm fraction (54.9 ~ 85.6%). Wet sieving significantly increased the proportion of < 0.25 mm micro-aggregates and reduced > 5 mm macro-aggregates(P < 0.05).(2) Aggregate stability differed significantly among vegetation types (P < 0.05), ranking: mixed forest > plantation > meadow > shrub > coniferous forest. Stability decreased with soil depth across all types except coniferous forest. The PAD values ranged from 19.81% to 69.52%, with coniferous forest exhibiting significantly higher fragmentation (P < 0.05).(3) Variance analysis indicated a significant interaction between vegetation type and soil depth on aggregate stability under both dry and wet conditions (P < 0.01). Moisture amplified their synergistic effects on aggregation.(4) Correlation analysis revealed that macro-aggregates (> 5 mm) positively contributed to stability, whereas micro-aggregates (< 0.25 mm) negatively affected it (P < 0.01). Fractal dimension D was less influenced by water and may serve as a robust indicator of micro-structural degradation under hydraulic stress.This study demonstrates that elevational gradient modulates aggregate stability primarily through vegetation type and soil depth, providing insights for soil conservation and ecosystem rehabilitation in high-altitude zones.
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(32241036┫高山冻土土壤有机碳组分响应气候变化的分异规律及其驱动机制研究)
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