江达牦牛遗传资源特性与评价利用
Characteristics and Evaluation of Genetic Resources of Jiangda Yak
本文系统调查并分析了江达牦牛的生境、起源与形成历史、外貌特征、生长发育性能、生产性能以及分子遗传背景。结果表明,江达牦牛遗传资源具有较强的耐粗饲、抗病和役用性能,产肉性能优良;其肉色红亮,蛋白质含量高、脂肪含量低,富含硒、铁、维生素E、牛磺酸及不饱和脂肪酸,属优质动物蛋白资源,并具有良好的加工适用性。遗传分析显示,江达牦牛群体遗传多样性较为丰富,在系统进化中独立成支,未出现遗传混杂,表明其具有独特的遗传背景。因此,江达牦牛是未来培育高产、优质、高抗逆性牦牛新品种的重要遗传资源,可作为牦牛种业中的关键“基因宝库”。
This paper systematically investigates and analyzes the habitat, origin, formation history, morphological characteristics, growth performance, production traits, and molecular genetic background of the Jiangda yak. The results indicate that the Jiangda yak genetic resource exhibits strong tolerance to coarse forage, disease resistance, and draft capability, along with excellent meat production performance. The meat is bright red in color, high in protein, low in fat, and rich in functional components such as selenium, iron, vitamin E, taurine, and unsaturated fatty acids, making it a high-quality animal protein resource with good processing suitability. Genetic analysis reveals that the Jiangda yak population possesses relatively high genetic diversity, forms a distinct branch in phylogenetic evolution, and shows no signs of genetic introgression, demonstrating its unique genetic background. Therefore, the Jiangda yak represents an important genetic resource for future breeding of new yak varieties with high productivity, superior quality, and strong stress resistance, and can serve as a key "gene bank" in yak breeding programs.
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