网络反智主义的表征、机理和应对
Characterization,Mechanism and Countermeasures of Cyber Anti-Intellectualism
反智主义在东西方历史文化中有深远的渊源,涌入网络空间后经过扩散和裂变,衍生出新表征。话题边界上从学术领域转投生活私域,表达习惯上以泛戏谑化解构严肃议题,传播策略上以情感输出替代客观归因,现实效应上存在祛魅和加冕双向机制。网络反智主义的迭代过程大体可以分为酝酿期、充能期、蜕变期、溢出期四个阶段,分别实施情绪唤醒、群体收编、思想综合、社会动员四项主要任务。网络反智主义是社会变革和技术进步复杂互动的某种思想映射,对社会发展进步、公共秩序稳定等带来压力和隐患,还可能失范、失控。对此,需要从阻断生成链条、营造平和心态、改良社会情境、推动知识传播等方面对网络反智主义进行治理。
Anti-intellectualism is a mindset, value orientation, and even a set of concrete actions that estrange, ridicule, despise, and suppress humanity’s rational-scientific pursuits and the intellectuals who embody these pursuits. Deeply rooted in both Eastern and Western history and culture, it has recently emerged as a conspicuous current of thought in cyberspace. The Internet does far more than merely provide a breeding ground and distribution channel for anti-intellectualism; it imposes its own media preferences upon it. Anonymity, remoteness, entertainment orientation, commercialization, emotionalization, and fragmentation—each a defining feature of the online environment—causes anti-intellectualism to mutate and proliferate. On the Internet, two simultaneous processes unfold: rapid diffusion and fermenting variation. The speed and reach of diffusion intensify the degree of variation, while the depth of variation in turn accelerates and widens diffusion. Their mutual reinforcement gives birth to a new variant—cyber anti-intellectualism. In terms of topical boundaries, cyber anti-intellectualism shifts from academic discourse into the private sphere of everyday life. Cloaked in mundane concerns and using hot-button livelihood issues as entry points, it dispels latent scruples about value-laden questions. Appearing to align with ordinary conversational norms, it smuggles in ideas that diverge from mainstream values. Stylistically, it replaces serious discussion with pervasive mockery; unrestrained ridicule and banter squeeze out space for mainstream values and sober narratives, steadily eroding basic judgments about life and morality by blurring or even reversing right and wrong. As such,people’s aesthetic sensibility,critical thinking,and analytical capacity are all undermined,dragging down a society’s overall intellectual level and hollowing out its spiritual core. Strategically, emotional output supplants objective explanation: vast quantities of information deploy exaggerated rhetoric to peddle anxiety, solicit sympathy, or ignite outrage. Emotion eclipses fact; and social sentiment is manipulated to attract attention and traffic. In real-world effects, a dual mechanism of “disenchantment” and“coronation”operates: experts who have conducted substantial research, made great achievements, and contributed to their fields are belittled or even stigmatized, while influencers, mukbang streamers, and celebrities are elevated,wielding formidable appeal and influence to shape public opinion and consumer trends. Having originated in specific social contexts, anti-intellectualism does not instantly gain momentum upon entering the virtual realm.Its evolution can be divided into four iterative stages—incubation,energizing,metamorphosis,and overflow—each carrying out a distinct task:emotional arousal,group incorporation,ideological synthesis,and social mobilization. Cyber anti-intellectualism pursues interests unattainable through official channels or legal frameworks; by sidelining scientific and rational dialogues,it drags discussion into quagmires of emotional venting, moral condemnation,and value hijacking. This places pressure on social order and public authority and may even lead to anomie and loss of control. Countermeasures should therefore combine internal and external efforts while addressing both immediate symptoms and long-term causes: sever the generative chain,cultivate a calm public mindset,improve the broader social environment, and advance the dissemination of knowledge.
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教育部高校思政课教师研究专项重大课题攻关项目(23JDSZKZ02)
西安市社会科学规划基金项目(25LW96)
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