修复破窗:引发与平息次生舆情的政府回应话语比较研究
Fix Broken Windows:A Comparative Study of Government Response Discourse in Triggering and Calming Secondary Public Opinion
政府作为突发公共事件的涉事主体,其回应话语对于舆情演化具有重要影响,回应不当极易引发破窗效应。借鉴破窗理论,将引发次生舆情的政府回应文本定义为“破窗”通报,并将平息次生舆情的政府回应文本定义为“修窗”通报,采用定性比较分析方法对比了2015—2024年25个次生舆情事件中的50份通报文本。研究发现,媒介、社会与文化语境分别导致“传者本位”“预期违背”“遮丑藏短”三种类型的“破窗”;在“回应错位”“谣言涉公”和“是非分明”的情境下,存在三种与之对应的“修窗”路径。为从源头上避免“破窗”,根据实证分析结果,从内容、形式与目的三个层面对政府回应话语提出了改进建议:内容上,应力求准确、翔实且具有针对性;形式上,须做到清晰、明确和规范;目的上,秉持虚心、坦诚且平等的沟通态度是根本。
The effective governance of online public opinion is crucial for long-term social stability and tests government’s governance capabilities, serving as a vital component in advancing China’s modernization of governance systems and capacities. Since governments function as the primary entity involved in public emergencies, their response discourse has a significant influence on the evolution of online public opinion. Inappropriate responses may easily trigger secondary public opinion, damaging government’s image and credibility. The Broken Windows Theory posits that if negative environmental phenomena are allowed to persist, they will induce imitation among people, leading to social disorder. This study applies the Broken Windows Theory to secondary public opinion by addressing three research questions: Why do “broken windows”occur,i.e.,which elements in government’s response discourse trigger secondary public opinion?How can the government“fix the windows”,i.e.,what paths can the government’s response discourse take to mitigate secondary public opinion crises? How to prevent “broken windows”, i.e., how should the government responses be improved to achieve proactive prevention? The aim is to provide practical suggestions and references for the government to effectively respond to online public opinion, serving the modernization of national governance capabilities.In order to address the aforementioned research questions, this study selected 25 secondary public opinion incidents from 2015 to 2024 as research samples. The initial government response document that triggered secondary public opinion in each case was defined as a “breaking windows” notification, and the one that initially quelled secondary public opinion was defined as a “fixing windows” notification. The qualitative comparative analysis(QCA)method was used to compare 50 notification documents from these 25 secondary public opinion incidents across three dimensions: content, format, and purpose.Firstly,this study found that the media,social, and cultural contexts respectively led to three types of “broken windows”:“communicator-centric”,“expectancy violations”,and “hiding shame”.This answered the primary research question of which elements in government’s response discourses trigger secondary public opinion. Secondly, this study discovered that under the circumstances of “ response misalignment”, “rumors involving public power”,and“opposition between right and wrong”,there are three corresponding “window fixing” paths, revealing the government’s response methods that could effectively quell secondary public opinion.Based on empirical analysis, this study puts forward improvement suggestions for government response discourse from three dimensions:content,form,and purpose,aiming to prevent“broken windows”at the source. Specifically: In terms of content, providing accurate, detailed, and targeted information is crucial. When dealing with sudden public opinion incidents, the government should accurately judge the nature of the event, comprehensively address public concerns, monitor public sentiment in real-time to identify the role of government-related rumors in the evolution of public opinion, and promptly refute rumors through an evidence-based “named point” manner to curb the spread of rumors. Regarding form, clear, explicit, and standardized formats serve as safeguards. The format of government response notifications matters as it shapes the public’s first impression and should be treated seriously. The notification title should be accurately drafted, and the length should be reasonably arranged according to the severity of the event and the amount of undisclosed information. In terms of purpose, a humble, honest, and equal attitude is fundamental. The government should fully realize that the easing of online public opinion lies in “guidance” rather than “obstruction”. Only by shifting mindsets and establishing the government’s response discourse for the purpose of equal communication can it calm public opinion and appease people’s hearts to the greatest extent.
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江苏省“双创博士”人才项目(JSSCBS20210305)
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