网络科普舆情的演化特征、生成动因及风险防控策略
Evolution Characteristics,Generation Motivation and Risk Prevention Strategies of Online Science Communication Public Opinion
加强科普领域舆论引导是科普工作的重点任务。在新媒体环境中,网络科普舆情的变动速度和影响规模迅速升级,呈现出演化形态的螺旋性、演化时间的周期性、演化空间的溢出性等突出特点。网络科普舆情风险是科普体系内部固有因素、网民认知局限、复杂舆论环境和舆情管理困境等多重因素共同作用的结果。做好网络科普舆情风险防控,需要以健全科普工作为目标,增强科普舆情风险防控意识;以加强风险识别为基础,优化科普舆情风险防控技术;以强化舆论引导为重点,构建科普舆情风险防控长效机制;以提升公众认知水平为保障,形成科普舆情风险防控合力。
The governance of online science communication public opinion is a critical link in strengthening the construction of the science communication discourse front. It is of great significance for purifying the online science communication environment and enhancing the scientific literacy of the public. Based on case studies of online science communication public opinion,this research starts by analyzing the risk evolution characteristics of such public opinion.By investigating the causes behind public opinion formation and constructing risk prevention and control pathways, it aims to provide a reference for the effective governance of online science communication public opinion and the improvement of science communication efficiency.The study first examines the evolution characteristics of online science communication public opinion from three dimensions:evolutionary form, time, and space. In terms of evolutionary form,online science communication public opinion is characterized by the multi-point emergence of discussion topics, the expanding relevance of public opinion objects, and the interactive resonance of public emotions. Temporally, it manifests as the repeated dissemination of similar pseudoscientific rumors and the continuous updating of historical science communication public opinion information. Spatially,the risks mainly include the group-based spillover of online transmission and the spillover from cyberspace into real-world settings.Based on the management 4M causation theory,this study proposes that online science communication public opinion is the result of multiple factors,including inherent factors within the science communication system, limitations in public cognition,complex public opinion environments, and difficulties in public opinion management. Within the science communication system, the inherent uncertainties of science and the discourse biases of science communication media constitute important sources of public opinion risks. In terms of public cognition, a lack of scientific literacy and group irrationality tend to fuel heated debates. Regarding the public opinion environment, the infiltration of Western ideology exacerbates the risks of science communication public opinion,while imperfect online public opinion regulatory mechanisms and insufficient guidance capabilities of mainstream media further deepen the complexity of governance.In constructing prevention and control pathways for online science communication public opinion risks,this study proposes strategies from four dimensions. First, at the mechanism optimization level,science communication subjects such as scientists and media professionals should enhance risk communication awareness, improve the interpretation of scientific uncertainties,and refine the methods of science and technology reporting.Second, at the technical governance level, efforts should rely on the ability to perceive and identify online science communication public opinion risks to achieve accurate risk assessment and prediction. Third,in guiding public opinion,mainstream values should lead the creation of science communication content,and high-quality production should be empowered through talent and platform development. Fourth,at the public literacy level,netizens’ information cognition should be enhanced through logical thinking and theoretical literacy,among other dimensions, to build a collaborative risk prevention and control system.This study reveals the dilemmas and countermeasures of online science communication work from the perspective of public opinion risks. The research results not only enrich and expand the academic understanding of the relationship between science communication and online public opinion but also provide a reference for improving the effectiveness of science communication practices.
| [1] |
邓滢,汪明.网络新媒体时代的舆情风险特征:以雾霾天气的社会涟漪效应为例[J].中国软科学,2014(8):61-69. |
| [2] |
李明德,张玥,张帆, |
| [3] |
田兰芳,郭明璋,许文涛, |
| [4] |
朱旭峰,楼闻佳.公众的风险感知与新兴技术接受度:面向人脸识别技术的调查实验研究[J].管理世界,2024(10):118-132. |
| [5] |
方付建.突发事件网络舆情演变研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2011. |
| [6] |
贾鹤鹏,范敬群,彭光芒.从公众参与科学视角看微博对科学传播的挑战[J].科普研究,2014(2):10-17. |
| [7] |
刘力锐.论网络谣言的媒介化再生产:三种“真实”的偏差[J].中国社会科学院研究生院学报,2017(4):108-117. |
| [8] |
李良荣,郑雯.论新传播革命:新传播革命研究之二[J].现代传播,2012(4):34-65. |
| [9] |
郭学文.社会化媒体场域中“科学”流言生成规律与治理逻辑分析:以2019年十大“科学”流言微博传播样本为个案[J].科普研究,2021(6):59-67. |
| [10] |
习近平关于社会主义文化建设论述摘编[M].北京:中央文献出版社,2017. |
| [11] |
叶琼元,夏一雪,窦云莲, |
| [12] |
齐曼.真科学[M].曾国屏,匡辉,张成岗,译.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2008. |
| [13] |
陈刚.“不确定性”的沟通:“转基因论争”传播的议题竞争、话语秩序与媒介的知识再生产[J].新闻与传播研究,2014(7):17-34. |
| [14] |
李天龙,张露露,张行勇.新媒体时代科学传播的困境与策略研究[J].现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2018(10):80-84. |
| [15] |
邝岩.社交媒体中的反智主义与科学传播:基于传播效果视角的链式中介作用[J].北京社会科学,2025(2):49-62. |
| [16] |
李明德,邝岩.大数据背景下的网络舆情认知偏差:表征、成因与应对[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2023(5):138-143. |
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
贾鹤鹏.谁是公众,如何参与,何为共识:反思公众参与科学模型及其面临的挑战[J].自然辩证法研究,2014(11):54-59. |
| [19] |
郭元婕.“科学素养”之概念辨析[J].比较教育研究,2004(11):12-15. |
| [20] |
高宏斌,任磊,胡俊平, |
| [21] |
谢耘耕,李丹珉.网络舆情监测分析的十大趋势[J].新闻记者,2020(12):69-76. |
| [22] |
易臣何,李杉.舆情危机事件中网民情绪生成及其对政府形象的影响分析[J].公共管理与政策评论,2021(4):73-83. |
| [23] |
王剑峰.科学民粹主义:一种民粹主义新形态[J].科学学研究,2023(7):1164-1172. |
| [24] |
丁柏铨.略论“大舆论场”:对舆论格局和舆论引导的新思考[J].新闻与写作,2020(1):64-71. |
| [25] |
李明德,邝岩.大数据与人工智能背景下的网络舆情治理:作用、风险和路径[J].北京工业大学学报(社会科学版),2021(6):1-10. |
| [26] |
金兼斌.科学传播中的科学共识与平衡叙事问题[J].中国编辑,2020(Z1):32-38. |
| [27] |
全民科学素质行动规划纲要(2021—2035年)[M].北京:人民出版社,2021. |
| [28] |
简承渊,冯思潮,何娇.全媒体时代内容风控的困境与新路径[J].青年记者,2019(28):36-37. |
| [29] |
王林平,高宇.突发事件网络舆情风险演化规律及防控策略[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),2022(4):96-107. |
| [30] |
刘姿均,马立明.智慧信息服务大数据框架下网络舆情信息集成应用研究[J].情报科学,2022(5):84-89. |
| [31] |
徐建华,薛澜.风险沟通与科学传播[J].科普研究,2020(2):5-12. |
| [32] |
马克思恩格斯全集:第26卷 [M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2014. |
国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20232120)
陕西省软科学研究计划一般项目(2025KG-YBXM-132)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |