补肾活血中药改善帕金森病睡眠症状的网状Meta分析

李珣 ,  丁琦 ,  夏金言 ,  刘颖 ,  蔡晶

海南医科大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2) : 131 -145.

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海南医科大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2) : 131 -145. DOI: 10.13210/j.cnki.jhmu.20240904.002
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补肾活血中药改善帕金森病睡眠症状的网状Meta分析

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Net Meta-analysis on Improvement of Sleeping Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease by Chinese Herbal Medicine for Kidney Replenishment and Blood Invigoration

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摘要

目的 探索补肾活血中药对帕金森病(PD)睡眠症状的临床疗效。 方法 计算机检索知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、sinomed、Medline等中英文数据库,搜集补肾活血中药治疗PD睡眠的随机对照试验(RCTs),检索时限为建库至2024年7月。由两名研究者通过Note express软件进行文献筛选、数据提取后,采用RevMan5.4进行偏倚风险评估,Stata18.0进行网状Meta分析。 结果 共纳入36篇RCTs研究,包括3 583例患者。网状Meta分析结果显示在提高临床总有效率较方面,排名前三位分别为平颤颗粒、补肾活血饮、补肾活血汤;在提高帕金森病睡眠量表方面,排名前三位为滋肾平颤颗粒、止颤汤、补肾活血颗粒;在降低匹兹堡睡眠质量指数方面,排名前三位为苁蓉舒痉颗粒、补肾活血汤、补肾活血颗粒;在降低5-羟色胺含量方面,排名前三位为补肾活血通络方、补肾活血颗粒、补肾活血饮;在降低统一帕金森病评分量表精神情绪积分方面,排名前三位为自拟补肾活血汤、滋肾平颤方、补肾活血通络方。在改善不良反应方面,排名前三位为止颤汤、补肾活血疏肝汤、补肾活血颗粒。 结论 基于当前证据,证明补肾活血中药可提高治疗PD患者睡眠症状疗效,受纳入研究质量与数量限制,上述研究结果仍需更多大样本、高质量、直接比较的研究验证。

Abstract

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of Bushen Huoxue traditional Chinese medicine on sleep symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Computer searches of Chinese and English databases such as Zhi.com, Wanfang, Wipu, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, sinomed, Medline, etc. were conducted to collect randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) sleep by rennon-renal-boosting Chinese herbal medicines with a search timeframe of the period of library construction to July 2024. After literature screening and data extraction by two researchers through Note express software, RevMan 5.4 was used for risk of bias assessment, and Stata 18.0 was used for reticulation Meta-analysis. Results A total of 36 studies of RCTs were included, including 3 583 patients. The results of reticulated meta-analysis showed that in terms of improving the overall clinical effectiveness rate, the top three were ping trembling granules, Bushen Huoxue drink, and Bushen Huoxue soup, respectively; in terms of improving the PDSS, the top three were nourishing the kidney and ping trembling granules, stopping trembling soup, and Bushen Huoxue granules; in terms of lowering the PSQI, the top three were Cistanches and relieving spasm granules, Bushen Huoxue soup, and Bushen Huoxue granules; and in terms of lowering the 5-HT In reducing 5-HT, the top three were Bushen Huoxue circulation formula, Bushen Huoxue granules, and Bushen Huoxue drink; in reducing UPDRS Ⅰ, the top three were self-designed Bushen Huoxue soup, nourishing the kidney and calming tremor formula, and Bushen Huoxue circulation formula. In terms of improvement of adverse reactions, the top three were Stop Fibrillation Soup, Nourishing Kidney, Activating Blood and Shredding Liver Soup, and Tonifying Kidney, Activating Blood and Promoting Blood Granule. Conclusion Based on the current evidence, it is proved that Chinese herbs that tonify the kidney and invigorate blood can improve the efficacy of treating sleep symptoms in patients with PD. Due to the limitation of the quality and number of included studies, the above findings still need to be verified by more large-sample, high-quality, direct-comparison studies.

Graphical abstract

关键词

帕金森病 / 补肾活血 / 网状Meta / 睡眠 / 疗效

Key words

Parkinson's disease / Bushen Huoxue / Reticular meta / Sleep / Efficacy

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李珣,丁琦,夏金言,刘颖,蔡晶. 补肾活血中药改善帕金森病睡眠症状的网状Meta分析[J]. 海南医科大学学报, 2025, 31(2): 131-145 DOI:10.13210/j.cnki.jhmu.20240904.002

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帕金森病(Parkinson′s disease, PD)是一种常见的慢性神经退行性疾病,并随着老龄化人口的增加,患病率将持续增长,预计到2040年将超过1 200万。PD患者不仅存在已被临床证实的运动症状,还存在与睡眠异常有关的非运动症状12。有研究显示PD患者中40%~98%出现难以入睡、早醒、睡眠维持障碍,甚至失眠34。目前,临床对于治疗PD睡眠相关症状主要以控制病情进展为主,虽然早期药物治疗效果明显,但长期使用后存在一定的副作用和剂量依赖性等不足5
中医学以“颤证”“震颤”诸症记载PD。其病机属本虚标实,以肝肾亏虚为本,血瘀等病理产物为标,治疗当以补肾活血6。肝藏魂,肾舍志,肝肾亏虚,魂志不安,多伴夜寐不佳;血瘀上扰清窍,心神不定,也会夜寐。中药治疗PD睡眠异常具有增效减毒、疗效确切、对症治疗等优点78。治疗PD睡眠异常的补肾活血中药众多,本研究通过网状Meta分析比较补肾活血中药治疗PD患者睡眠异常的疗效,以期为优化临床治疗方案提供参考。

1 资料与方法

1.1 纳入与排除标准

1.1.1 研究类型

随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial, RCT)。RCT判定标准:凡在文章中提及“随机分为…组”字样的均认定为RCT。无论是否为双盲、单盲或非盲法,语种包括中文和英文9

1.1.2 研究对象

西医诊断符合符合2019版PD诊断标准患者10或英国PD协会脑库制定的PD临床诊断标准11,中医诊断符合中国中医药出版社出版的《中西医结合内科学》“颤证”诊断标准12或中医颤证诊断标准13,文中提及改善PD患者睡眠情绪。并对其年龄、性别、国籍不限

1.1.3 干预措施

对照组采用PD常规西药(盐酸曲唑酮片、多巴丝肼片、普拉克索等西药)或安慰剂治疗,试验组补肾活血法中药治疗或在对照组基础上增加补肾活血中药治疗(明确具有补肾、活血功效,包括汤剂、颗粒、胶囊、中成药)。

1.1.4 结局指标

主要结局指标:(1)临床总有效率:有效例数/样本量×100%。采用帕金森病评定量表(Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale, UPDRS)与非运动症状量表(Non-Motor Symptoms Scale, NMSS)减分率评估,UPDRS或NMSS评分有效治疗≥50%即治愈,减少20%~49%即显效,减少1%~19%即好转,减少1%以下即无效(治愈、显效、好转皆为有效例数);(2)帕金森病睡眠量表(Parkinson′s disease sleep scale, PDSS);

次要结局指标:(1)统一帕金森病评分量表精神情绪积分(UPDRSⅠ);(2)5-羟色胺含量(5-HT);(3)匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI);(4)不良反应:不良反应例数/样本量×100%,无不良反应研究不纳入分析。

1.1.5 排除标准

无法获得原文;无活血或补肾作用中药;重复文献;综述类文献;文献数据缺失等,见图1

1.2 文献检索策略

计算机检索知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、sinomed、Medline等中英文数据库,通过搜集补肾活血中药治疗PD睡眠症状的RCT。检索时限为各数据库建库至2024年7月。检索采用搜索主题词与自由词结合的方式进行,并根据不同数据库调整检索策略,此外检索相关文章参考文献。英文检索词包括: Parkinson’s Disease, Parkinson, Tremor Paralysis, Depression, Abnormal Emotions and Minds, BuShen, HuoXue, Bushen Huoxue, Quality of Sleep, Sleep Disorders, Improvement of Sleep, Sleeping at Night, Sleeping Time, Traditional Chinese Medicine。中文检索词包括:老年帕金森病、帕金森氏病、帕金森氏、帕金森病患者 、帕金森病、帕金森病病人、补肾活血法、补肾活血方、补肾活血汤、补肾活血中药、补肾活血、补肾活血化瘀、睡眠质量、改善睡眠、睡眠效率、睡眠质量指数、睡眠、睡眠时间。

1.3 文献筛选与提取

由两名研究者通过Note express软件独立筛选文献、核对提取数据,产生分歧时与第三名研究者协商。提取文献数据包括第一作者;干预措施;病例数;主要与次要结局指标等。

1.4 纳入研究的偏倚风险评价

由两名研究者采用Cochrane手册5.1.0评价的RCT偏倚风险,包括是否随机、分配隐藏、单双盲法、选择性报告、不完全结局指标、其他偏倚。

1.5 统计分析

采用RevMan5.4与Stata18.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料采用均数差(mean difference, MD)为效应统计量,计数资料采用优势比(odds ratio, OR)。采用Stata18.0进行网状Meta分析制作联赛表和绘制证据网络图,利用累计概率排名曲线下面积(surface under the cumulative ranking curve, SUCRA)对11种补肾活血中药疗效排序,绘制比较-校正漏斗图评估纳入文献的发表偏倚,检验水准均为95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI14

2 结果

2.1 文献检索结果

通过各个中英文数据库的文献检索初始纳入1 363篇文献,阅读标题和摘要剔除1 173篇文献,阅读全文剔除154篇文献。最终纳入的研究36篇,其中中文32篇,英文4篇。文献检索表达式以知网为例:SU%='帕金森'+'帕金森病'+'帕金森病患者'+'老年帕金森病'+'帕金森氏病'+'帕金森氏' AND FT='睡眠'+'睡眠质量'+'睡眠时间'+'改善睡眠'+'睡眠效率'+'睡眠质量指数' AND FT='补肾活血'+'补肾活血法'+'补肾活血方'+'补肾活血汤'+'补肾活血化瘀'+'补肾活血中药'。文献筛选流程见图1所示。

2.2 纳入文献的基本特征

共纳入36篇文献15-50涉及3 583名参与者,其中试验组1 804名,对照组1 779名。其中包括11种补肾活血中药复方补肾活血颗粒7篇17414345464849,平颤颗粒2篇1820,补肾活血疏肝汤4篇16192638,自拟补肾活血汤3篇222428,补肾活血通络方4篇25363744,滋肾平颤方4篇23293234,苁蓉舒痉颗粒2篇2130,加味五虎追风散3篇273139,补肾活血汤3篇153542,止颤汤2篇3340,补肾活血饮2篇4750,文献研究少于两篇的补肾活血中药不纳入研究。纳入研究的基本特征见表1

2.3 文献偏倚风险评价

根据Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具,36篇文献中小于4分的有6篇,为低质量文献;30篇研究4~7分,为高质量文献,见图2

2.4 补肾活血方药分析

对纳入研究的11种干预措施组成进行分析,发现丹参、山茱萸、天麻使用频率较高(n≥5),功效为补肾活血、疏风清络,见图3

2.5 网状Meta证据网络

绘制网状证据图,共包含36项RCTs研究,涉及11种补肾活血中药,6个结局指标。证据网络中节点圆圈大小代表样本量多少,连线粗细代表文献量。圆圈越大代表干预措施样本量越大,连线越粗代表干预措施研究数量越多,见图4

2.6 网状Meta分析结果

2.6.1 临床总有效率

20篇RCTs报告了补肾活血中药改善临床总有效率,共涉及10种补肾活血中药,形成55个比较,间接比较45个。网状Meta分析结果显示,补肾活血汤、补肾活血通络方、补肾活血饮、自拟补肾活血汤、加味五虎追风散、补肾活血疏肝汤、滋肾平颤颗粒、苁蓉舒痉颗粒、补肾活血颗粒联合常规治疗与平颤颗粒单用在提高PD患者临床症状改善临床总有效率方面均优于常规治疗,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2

据SUCRA排序可知,平颤颗粒(SUCRA=89.2%)>补肾活血饮+常规治疗(SUCRA=73.9%)>补肾活血汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=66.6%)>自拟补肾活血汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=57.0%)>滋肾平颤方+常规治疗(SUCRA=57.0%)>补肾活血疏肝汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=55.2%)>补肾活血通络方+常规治疗(SUCRA=49.8%)>加味五虎追风散+常规治疗(SUCRA=37.6%)>苁蓉舒痉颗粒+常规治疗(SUCRA=31.6%)>补肾活血颗粒+常规治疗(SUCRA=29.6%)>常规治疗(SUCRA=1.1%)。见图4 D。

2.6.2 PDSS评分

12项RCTs研究报告了补肾活血中药改善PDSS量表评分,涉及7种补肾活血中药,形成28个比较,21个间接比较;网状Meta分析结果显示滋肾平颤颗粒、止颤汤、补肾活血颗粒联合常规治疗与平颤颗粒单用在提高PD患者PDSS评分方面疗效优于常规治疗,自拟补肾活血汤联合西医治疗疗效低于常规治疗,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3

据SUCRA排序可知,滋肾平颤方+常规治疗(SUCRA=89.0%)>止颤汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=75.8%)>补肾活血颗粒+常规治疗(SUCRA=66.4%)>补肾活血饮+常规治疗(SUCRA=48.3%)>平颤颗粒(SUCRA=45.7%)>常规治疗(SUCRA=15.4%)>自拟补肾活血汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=9.4%)。见图4B。

2.6.3 PSQI评分

5篇RCTs报告了采用补肾活血法改善PSQI评分,共涉及4种补肾活血中药,形成10个比较,6个间接比较。网状Meta分析结果显示苁蓉舒痉颗粒、补肾活血疏肝汤、补肾活血颗粒、补肾活血汤联合常规治疗与苁蓉舒痉颗粒单用在降低PD患者PSQI评分优于常规治疗,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4

据SUCRA排序可知,苁蓉舒痉颗粒+常规治疗(SUCRA=98.3%)>补肾活血汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=70.2%)>补肾活血颗粒+常规治疗(SUCRA=49.5%)>补肾活血疏肝汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=32%)>常规治疗(SUCRA=0.1%)。见图4A。

2.6.4 5‑HT

6篇RCTs报告了采用补肾活血法改善5-HT,共涉及4种补肾活血中药,形成10个比较,6个间接比较。网状Meta分析结果显示补肾活血通络方、补肾活血颗粒、补肾活血饮、补肾活血疏肝汤联合常规治疗在降低PD患者5-HT方面优于常规治疗,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表5

据SUCRA排序可知,补肾活血通络方+常规治疗(SUCRA=100%)>补肾活血颗粒+常规治疗(SUCRA=71.6%)>补肾活血饮+常规治疗(SUCRA=43.8%)>补肾活血疏肝汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=34.2%)>常规治疗(SUCRA=0.3%)。见图4C。

2.6.5 UPDRSⅠ

10篇RCTs报告了采用补肾活血法改善UPDRSⅠ评分,共涉及6种补肾活血中药,形成21个比较,15个间接比较。网状Meta分析结果显示自拟补肾活血汤、滋肾平颤颗粒、补肾活血通络方、补肾活血汤、止颤汤联合常规治疗与苁蓉舒痉颗粒单用在降低PD患者UPDRSⅠ评分方面优于常规治疗,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表6

据SUCRA排序可知,自拟补肾活血汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=92.9%)>滋肾平颤方+常规治疗(SUCRA=74.0%)>补肾活血通络方+常规治疗(SUCRA=52.3%)>苁蓉舒痉颗粒(SUCRA=47.8%)>补肾活血汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=40.0%)>止颤汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=30.4%)>常规治疗(SUCRA=12.7%)。见图4F。

2.6.6 不良反应

17篇RCTs报告了补肾活血中药改善不良反应发生率,共涉及10种补肾活血中药,形成66个比较,55个间接比较。网状Meta分析结果显示自拟补肾活血汤、补肾活血汤、加味五虎追风散、补肾活血通络方、补肾活血颗粒、补肾活血疏肝汤、苁蓉舒痉颗粒、止颤汤联合常规治疗与平颤颗粒单用在减轻PD患者不良反应方面,均优于常规西医,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表7

据SUCRA排序可知,止颤汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=84.7%)>补肾活血疏肝汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=83.3%)>补肾活血颗粒+常规治疗(SUCRA=77.7%)>补肾活血通络方+常规治疗(SUCRA=58.8%)>加味五虎追风散+常规治疗(SUCRA=46.6%)>苁蓉舒痉颗粒+常规治疗(SUCRA=42.0%)>补肾活血汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=41.3%)>滋肾平颤方+常规治疗(SUCRA=38.8%)>自拟补肾活血汤+常规治疗(SUCRA=38.7%)>平颤颗粒(SUCRA=23.4%)>常规治疗(SUCRA=14.7%)。见图4E。

2.6.7 SUCRA概率排序

绘制SUCRA概率排序图,共包含PSQI、PDSS、5-HT、临床总有效率、不良反应、UPDRSⅠ六个结局指标,共12种干预措施。图中每条线段代表一种干预措施,其线下面积越大表明此种干预措施证据等级越高,见图5

2.7 发表偏倚

以临床总有效率为代表绘制漏斗图。纳入文献大致分布于漏斗图两边,提示存在发表偏倚的可能性较低。部分研究分布于底端,这可能与纳入的部分研究数量、样本量有关,见图6

3 讨论

PD以静止性震颤、肌强直、运动迟缓等运动症状为主要表现,近年来睡眠有关的非运动症状逐渐得到关注。PD睡眠异常症状主要包括过度嗜睡、难以入睡、早醒、睡眠维持障碍,影响了42%~98%的PD患者51。临床治疗PD患者睡眠异常主要采用左旋多巴与苯二氮卓类等药物治疗,但存在睡眠增多、平衡障碍、药物依赖等不足52。PD发病与体内5-HT减少有关,其可使机体处于兴奋状态进而造成生理性睡眠-觉醒功能异常影响睡眠53。此外PSQI评分与总睡眠障碍、睡眠潜伏期、习惯性睡眠效率和主观睡眠质量方面显著相关,可有效反映PD患者的睡眠情况5455。中医认为,PD病机本虚标实,其本为肝肾亏损,其标为风、火、痰、瘀,基本病机为肾虚血瘀。肾阴亏损,不能上济心火,心肾不交,神舍不安,则见失眠、多虑;瘀血阻络,神窍不清,可见失眠、多梦,亦可见多寐、嗜睡。临床补肾活血中药治疗方案众多,网状Meta分析作为传统Meta分析的延伸可为睡眠异常的PD患者治疗提供最佳用药方案循证支持,为临床治疗PD睡眠异常症提供个性化、指导性治疗方案。

本研究对11种补肾活血中药组成用药频率进行分析,丹参、天麻、山茱萸出现频率较高(n≥5)。其中丹参活血祛瘀,天麻祛风通络,山茱萸补益肝肾,均涉及补肾活血,疏风通络。现代药理学提示丹参酮ⅡA磺化可刺激血栓素A2分泌,对血小板凝集起到抑制作用,下调血液粘度,改善血液微循环;还可降低患者肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6局部炎症因子水平,对局部炎症有缓解作用5657。天麻素可以清除α-突触核蛋白积累减轻PD发病,上调核因子红细胞来源 2、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4、铁转运蛋白1和血红素加氧酶-1的表达,对过氧化氢诱导的氧化损伤具有细胞保护作用58。研究发现山茱萸通过缓解氧化应激,可显著降低皮质酮和β-内啡肽水平,提高PD患者血清素水平减轻神经功能损伤59

网状Meta分析共包含36项RCTs研究,包括11种干预措施,6个结局指标。对各种干预措施进行直接与间接比较发现:(1)SUCRA排序结果显示补肾活血中药联合常规治疗PD患者睡眠异常大部分疗效明确,(2)提高临床总有效率平颤颗粒最优;在提高PDSS方面滋肾平颤方最优;在降低PSQI方面苁蓉舒痉颗粒最优;在降低5-HT补肾活血通络方最优;在降低UPDRSⅠ自拟补肾活血汤最优;(3)在减轻不良反应方面止颤汤最优。

补肾活血中成药的临床疗效各有优势,不同补肾活血中药疗法联合常规治疗在改善PD患者睡眠有关症状时各有侧重。大部分中成药具有补肾益髓、活血化瘀功效。名老中医胡建华教授的滋肾平颤颗粒中熟地黄、僵蚕、莪术等药物,具有滋补肝肾、活血通络散结功效,可有效改善PD患者血清IL-6、C反应蛋白和TNF-α炎症水平,在延长PD患者入睡时间及减少夜尿症、噩梦、幻觉方面疗效显著2960。补肾活血汤由窦维华主任临床总结而成,由熟地黄、杜仲、制何首乌、丹参等药物组成,熟地黄、杜仲、制何首乌滋阴益气,补血填髓,丹参活血化瘀,共同发挥滋补肾精、活血通络作用,研究发现补肾活血汤能通过AMP依赖性蛋白激酶信号通路显著抑制巨噬细胞的炎症因子释放61。止颤汤为李如奎教授结合历代医家的学术观点总结而成,其中天冬、山萸肉和玄参可补肝益肾,全蝎、地龙、蜈蚣及僵蚕能清热熄风和通经活络,实验研究发现对PD大鼠模型进行神经干细胞移植后,止颤汤可以促进神经干细胞分化为多巴胺能神经,从而减少神经元损伤与炎症反应来治疗PD,减少不良反应发生62。自拟补肾活血汤由黄芪、党参、制首乌、熟地黄、当归、川芎等药物组成,其中熟地黄可滋阴补肾、调肝补元,石菖蒲、川芎具有活血通脉的作用。其通过改善脑内多巴胺含量,抑制单胺氧化酶的生物活性,阻止多巴胺神经元变性,调节中枢神经系统功能,可缓解PD患者精神情绪异常、提高生活质量27。蔡晶教授传承全国名老中医杜建教授提出的老年多“肾虚血瘀”理论,在临床实践中总结研制出苁蓉舒痉颗粒,由肉苁蓉、制黄精、丹参、赤芍、牡丹皮组成,具有补肾益髓、活血凉血功效。研究发现苁蓉舒痉颗粒可诱导分子伴侣GRP78(Molecular chaperone grp78,GRP78)的表达从而减少PD大鼠模型中脑内质网应激和神经元凋亡63,苁蓉舒痉颗粒还可调节PD小鼠模型线粒体相关内质网膜区域钙稳态从而保护多巴胺神经元。苁蓉舒痉颗粒可改善PD患者不同中医证型步态异常,增强PD患者生活能力。其通过改善PD患者黑质多巴胺能神经元传导通路、增强突触间隙5-HT的再摄取及释放改善PD患者睡眠异常等情感障碍21。补肾活血通络方中何首乌、地黄可培元固本、养血滋阴、益精补肾,桃仁、当归及丹参可通络祛瘀、活血养血,僵蚕、全蝎可搜风通络、涤痰祛瘀,诸药共起熄风通络、活血定颤、柔肝养血、益精补肾之功效,其通过降低脑内5-HT含量,有效延缓纹状体多巴胺神经元及黑质的变性坏死减慢疾病发展速度,并可减少细胞凋亡延缓细胞核变性,改善PD患者睡眠质量64

本研究存在以下不足:(1)纳入研究补肾活血中药多为对照组与补肾活血中药药联合使用比较,缺乏补肾活血中药直接比较研究,可能会对评估疗效产生影响;(2)部分补肾活血中药的研究数过少(n<20),可能会产生小样本效应;(3)纳入研究随机方法较简单、分配隐藏、盲法使用较少,可能会产生一定的选择偏倚;(4)不同补肾活血中药研究数量、研究疗程差异较大,如苁蓉舒痉颗粒、补肾活血饮、止颤汤研究较少,补肾活血颗粒研究较多;且疗程1~9月不等。(5)部分结局指标缺失,如苁蓉舒痉颗粒、加味五虎追风散无5-HT指标,补肾活血汤、止颤汤无PDSS结局指标,影响结果准确性65

综上所述,补肾活血中药治疗PD睡眠症状疗效确切,且对PD睡眠有关症状改善明显。在提高临床总有效率方面,平颤颗粒联合常规治疗最佳;在提高PDSS方面,滋肾平颤方联合常规治疗效果最佳;在降低PSQI方面,苁蓉舒痉颗粒联合常规治疗效果最佳;在降低5-HT方面补肾活血通络方最优;在降低UPDRS Ⅰ方面自拟补肾活血汤联合常规治疗效果最佳;在不良反应方面,止颤汤联合常规出现次数最少。但本研究存在部分补肾活血中药疗法纳入研究数量较少,样本量偏低;无补肾活血中药直接比较,仍需要纳入更多大样本、直接比较研究来进一步论证结论的可行性。

作者贡献度说明:

李珣、丁琦:数据运算及论文初稿的撰写以及修改论文;蔡晶负责选定研究主题;刘颖:负责文献的检索、筛选及数据提取;夏金言:负责偏倚风险中的第三方裁定。

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突关系。

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(面上项目)(82074507)

中医健康管理学联合省级临床重点专科建设项目(老年病科)(XJG2023016)

福建省自然科学基金(重点项目)(2023J02023)

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