1.Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
2.College of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
3.Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
Quantitatively characterizing the entanglement properties of multipartite quantum states is a key issue in the field of quantum information. In this work, we employ the Kullback-Leibler (KL) relative entropy to quantitatively study the entanglement characteristics of multi-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states under rotational operations. Analytical expressions for the KL relative entropy of N-particle GHZ states are obtained through collective rotation operations and parity measurements of quantum states. It is found that the maximum value of the KL relative entropy can be obtained when the parameters in the rotation operations and parity measurements satisfy a phase θ of π/2 and a phase difference (φ-θ) of kπ. Singularities of the KL relative entropy occur when the phase φ is 0 or π, and the positions of other singularities depend on the decomposition structure. Furthermore, by optimizing the selection of φ values, the maximum KL relative entropy of decomposed structure states of GHZ states from 3 to 8 particles is studied.
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