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摘要
目的 深入分析急慢性结石性胆囊炎患者胆汁中病原菌的感染特征,为临床抗生素的合理应用提供科学指导。方法 选取2017年1月—2024年1月兰州大学第二医院收治的 356 例急慢性结石性胆囊炎患者作为研究对象。通过采集患者的胆汁样本,分别进行细菌厌氧培养和需氧培养,全面解析胆汁中病原菌的分布情况,并构建胆汁病原菌的构成谱系。结果在厌氧培养条件下,胆汁中病原菌的分布特征:无细菌生长者 146 例(41.0%),表皮葡萄球菌 50 例(14.0%),大肠埃希菌 40 例(11.2%),草绿色溶血性链球菌 24 例(6.7%),粪肠球菌 20 例(5.4%),人葡萄球菌 20 例 (5.4%),屎肠球菌 12 例(3.6%),金黄色葡萄球菌 12 例(3.6%),微球菌 10 例(2.7%),肺炎克雷伯菌 6 例(1.7%),副流感嗜血杆菌 4 例(0.9%),阴沟肠杆菌 4 例(0.9%),溶血葡萄球菌 4 例(0.9%),沃氏葡萄球菌 2 例(0.6%),短小芽孢杆菌 2 例(0.6%),琼氏不动杆菌 2 例(0.6%),头状葡萄球菌 2 例(0.6%)。需氧培养条件下,病原菌的分布特征:无细菌生长者 254 例(71.3%),表皮葡萄球菌 30 例(8.4%),粪肠球菌 18 例(5.1%),大肠埃希菌 16 例(4.5%),人葡萄球菌 16 例(4.5%),头状葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及阴沟肠杆菌各 2 例(各占 0.6%)。不同胆囊炎类型间细菌分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。细菌阳性患者胆囊结石直径更大(P=0.0016)、数量更多(P=0.003)、胆囊壁更厚(P<0.001)。结论 在胆汁培养呈阳性的急慢性结石性胆囊炎患者中,厌氧菌占据主导地位。建议临床医师在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后,应谨慎考虑预防性抗生素的使用策略,避免不必要的抗生素治疗。
Abstract
Objective To analyze the infection characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in the bile of patients with acute and chronic calculous cholecystitis,providing scientific guidance for rational antibiotic use.Methods A total of 356 patients with acute or chronic calculous cholecystitis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University(January 2017 -January 2024)were enrolled.Intraoperatively,bile samples were aseptically collected and subjected to parallel anaerobic and aerobic cultures to comprehensively analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and establish a biliary pathogen profile.Results Anaerobic culture:no growth 146(41.0%) ;Staphylococcus epidermidis 50(14.0%) ;Escherichia co- li 40(11.2%) ;Streptococcus viridans 24 (6.7%);Enterococcus faecalis 20 (5.4%);Staphylococcus hominis 20 (5.4%);Enterococcus faecium 12 (3.6%);Staphylococcus aureus 12 (3.6%);Micrococcus spp.10 (2.7%); Klebsiella pneumoniae 6 (1.7%);Haemophilus parainfluenzae,Enterobacter cloacae,Staphylococcus haemo- lyticus 4 each(0.9%);Staphylococcus warneri,Bacillus pumilus,Acinetobacter junii,Staphylococcus capitis 2 each(0.6%).Aerobic culture no growth: 254 (71.3%);S.epidermidis 30 (8.4%);E.faecalis 18 (5.1%);E.coli 16(4.5%) ;S.hominis 16(4.5%) ;S.capitis,S.aureus,E.cloacae 2 each(0.6%).Bacterial distribution did not differ significantly between acute and chronic cholecystitis(P>0.05).Patients with bacteria-positive bile had a larger gallstone diameter(P=0.0016),greater stone number(P=0.003),and thicker gallbladder wall(P<0.001).Conclusion In patients with acute and chronic calculous cholecystitis with positive bile cultures,an- aerobic bacteria predominate.It is therefore recommended that clinicians judiciously consider the strategy for prophylactic antibiotic use following laparoscopic cholecystectomy,avoiding unnecessary antimicrobial therapy to improve patient outcomes.
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崔鸿斌,史树勋,马斌,李海元,韩晓雯,陈昊.
结石性胆囊炎胆汁厌氧菌感染特征与术后抗生素应用研究[J].
兰州大学学报(医学版), 2026, 52(3): 44-48 DOI:10.13885/j.issn.2097-681X.M20250301
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82473266)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(82160129)
甘肃省卫生健康行业科技创新重大科研资助项目(GSWSZD-2024-17)
甘肃省联合科研基金一般项目(24JRRA929)
甘肃省科技重大专项资助项目(22ZD6FA054)
甘肃省重点人才资助项目(2019RCXM020)
兰州市城关区科技计划资助项目(2020SHFZ0039)
兰州大学第二医院"萃英科技创新"计划资助项目(CY2023-ZD-01)