嗅觉减退与轻度认知功能损害相关研究进展

Progress in research on olfactory decline and mild cognitive impairment

摘要

认知障碍患病率随年龄增长显著上升，严重影响老年人群的生活质量，是全球老龄化社会面临的重大公共卫生挑战。其中轻度认知损害期（MCI）作为痴呆前驱阶段的关键窗口期受到广泛的重视，近年来的多项研究集中在发现能够早期识别和诊断MCI的工具和分子标志物。越来越多的证据表明嗅觉识别障碍和MCI期的认知障碍关系密切，嗅觉识别测试有望成为在MCI期早期识别认知减退和监测认知功能的工具。本文将分别从嗅觉识别测试方法、MCI患者嗅区的分子病理学和神经影像学的研究进展进行综述，旨在为该病的进一步研究提供参考。

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is a significant public health challenge faced by the global aging society. Its prevalence rises markedly with age, significantly impacting the life quality of the elderly. In recent years, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), considered an early stage before the development of dementia, has received widespread attention. Research focus on the discovery of tools and molecular markers for the early identification and diagnosis of MCI. Studies have found a strong association between olfactory identification dysfunction and cognitive decline. The same pathological and neuroimaging alterations as cognitive dysfunction have been found in the olfactory pathway. Besides, odor identification test could be a biomarker for early detection of cognitive impairment. We summarized recent findings in odor identification tests, molecular pathology and neuroimaging of the olfactory region in patients with MCI, aiming to provide valuable insights and guidance for future research in this field.

关键词

认知功能障碍 / 嗅觉障碍 / 病理学 / 神经影像学 / 嗅觉 / 嗅觉检查法

Key words

cognitive dysfunction / olfaction disorders / pathology / neuroimaging / olfaction / olfactory test

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基金资助

国家级大学生创新创业项目(202410730192)

云南省临床医学中心科研项目(2024YNLCYXZX0208)