短链脂肪酸对高原缺氧诱导肠屏障损伤的保护作用机制

Protective mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids against hypox- ia-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in high altitude

摘要

高原缺氧对人体健康构成严重威胁，肠屏障功能障碍是其常见并发症。短链脂肪酸是肠道菌群的重要代谢产物，具有多种生物学功能，或为缓解高原缺氧所致肠屏障功能障碍提供新思路。本文综述了高原缺氧引起肠屏障损伤的机制，重点阐述了短链脂肪酸对肠屏障的保护作用及其机制，并展望了短链脂肪酸在高原医学领域的应用前景。研究表明，短链脂肪酸可通过增强肠上皮细胞紧密连接、发挥抗氧化和抗炎作用、调节肠道菌群、改善肠上皮细胞能量代谢等多条途径，有效保护肠屏障。短链脂肪酸在预防和治疗高原缺氧相关肠道损伤方面具有潜在应用价值。未来研究应深人探讨短链脂肪酸的作用机制，并开展更多人体临床试验，为改善高原人群健康提供更有效的干预措施。

Abstract

High-altitude hypoxia poses a significant threat to human health，with intestinal barrier dysfunction being a common complication．Short-chain fatty acids，key metabolites produced by the gut microbiota，ex- hib-it diverse biological functions and may bring forth new ideas for alleviating intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by hypoxia at high altitudes．This review summarized the mechanisms of high-altitude hypoxia-in- duced intestinal barrier damage，focusing on the protective effects of short-chain fatty acids and their underly- ing mechanisms．It also explored the potential applications of short-chain fatty acids in high-altitude medicine．Studies suggested that short-chain fatty acids effectively protect the intestinal barrier through multiple path- ways，including strengthening tight junctions，mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation，modulating the gut microbiota，and enhancing energy metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells．Short-chain fatty acids hold promise for pre-venting and treating high-altitude-related intestinal damage．Future research should delve deeper into the mechanisms of action of short-chain fatty acids and more human clinical trials should be con- ducted to develop effective interventions for improving the health of individuals at high altitudes．

关键词

短链脂肪酸 / 高原缺氧 / 肠屏障 / 肠道菌群 / 氧化应激 / 炎症反应 / 肠道微生态 / 能量代谢

Key words

short-chain fatty acids / plateau hypoxia / intestinal barrier / intestinal flora / oxidative stress / inflam- matory response / gut microbiota / energy metabolism

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基金资助

甘肃省科技重大专项计划资助项目(24ZDFA005)

甘肃省卫生行业优秀青年人才和骨干人才资助项目(GSWSQN2023-01)