神经-肿瘤互作：生物学机制研究与临床转化前景

Neuro-cancer interaction: biological mechanisms and clinical translational perspectives

摘要

神经系统可通过多种机制参与肿瘤的发生、发展及治疗响应，推动了肿瘤神经生物学这一新兴研究领域的发展。当前该领域的关键问题已从“神经是否影响肿瘤”转向“神经调控作用处于何种层级”。本研究从脑-体互作的整体视角出发，系统梳理了神经-肿瘤互作的研究进展，重点讨论局部结构性互作、功能性神经环路调控以及神经介导的免疫与代谢间接调控3种主要模式，并分析其研究基础与机制特性。并在此基础上，评估靶向神经-肿瘤互作的潜在治疗策略及其转化前景。明确不同神经调控模式在肿瘤进展中的系统作用，是推动该领域理性发展和临床转化的关键。

Abstract

The nervous system participates in tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic responses through various mechanisms, driving the rapid development of cancer neuroscience as an emerging field. The central focus of this area shifted from whether nerves influence tumors to the specific levels at which neural regulation operates. From a holistic brain-body interaction perspective, this review systematically examined recent advances in neural-tumor interactions, with emphasis on three main regulatory modes: local structural interactions, functional neural circuit regulation, and indirect neural modulation of immunity and metabolism, along with their research foundations and mechanistic characteristics. Furthermore, it evaluated potential therapeutic strategies targeting neural-tumor interactions and their translational prospects. This review underscored that clarifying the systemic roles of distinct neural regulatory modes in tumor progression is essential for guiding the rational development and clinical translation of this field.

关键词

肿瘤 / 神经系统 / 肿瘤微环境 / 神经-肿瘤互作 / 神经环路 / 肿瘤治疗 / 临床转化

Key words

tumor / nervous system / tumor microenvironment / neural-tumor interactions / neural circuits / tumor therapy / clinical translation

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基金资助

国家自然科学青年科学基金资助项目(32525029)

中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2025M782074)

江苏省卓越博士后计划资助项目(2025ZB117)

南京鼓楼医院国家自然科学基金青年培育项目(2025-JCYJ-QP-077)