高原地区心血管系统疾病的流行病学特征与诊疗现状

Epidemiological characteristics and current status of diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases in high-altitude regions

摘要

高原的低压低氧、寒冷、强紫外线照射等地理因素可对心血管系统产生一系列独特的病理生理改变。当前循证证据与临床诊疗指南多基于平原人群，在高原环境下的适用性存在显著局限。本研究围绕高原地区心血管疾病，系统综述高原肺动脉高压、高原性心脏病、高原心力衰竭、高原冠心病、高原相关高血压、高原心律失常及高原先天性心脏病等主要病种的流行病学分布特征与临床诊疗要点，深人分析当前高原心血管疾病在研究与临床实践中面临的关键问题与挑战，旨在为高原地区心血管疾病的规范化管理与相关研究提供参考。

Abstract

The factors on a plateau，such as hypobaric hypoxia，cold temperatures，and intense ultraviolet radiation，can induce a series of unique pathophysiological changes in the cardiovascular system．However， current evidence-based evidence and clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines are predominantly derived from populations residing in low-altitude areas，rendering their applicability significantly limited in plateau settings．Focusing on the theme of cardiovascular diseases in plateau regions，this paper systematically reviewed the epidemiological distribution characteristics and key clinical diagnostic and therapeutic consid- erations concerning plateau conditions，including high-altitude pulmonary hypertension，high-altitude heart disease，high-altitude heart failure，high-altitude coronary heart disease，high-altitude-related hypertension， high-altitude arrhythmias，and high-altitude congenital heart disease．It further delved into the critical issues and challenges currently faced in the research and clinical practice of cardiovascular diseases in plateau areas， aiming to provide a reference for the standardized management and future research of cardiovascular diseases in plateau regions．

关键词

高原 / 心血管疾病 / 流行病学 / 病理生理 / 诊疗

Key words

plateau / cardiovascular disease / epidemiology / pathophysiology / diagnosis and treatment

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(82560056)

甘肃省科技重专项计划资助项目(25ZDFA005)