消防机器人热防护材料与技术研究进展
Research progress in thermal protection materials and technologies for firefighting robots
消防机器人作为一种可以替代消防员进入火场进行灭火施救的关键装备,逐渐受到广泛的关注,其智能化与自主化已成为主要发展趋势。然而,消防机器人在火场作业中将面临复杂的热环境挑战,其核心控制部件以及为实现智能化自主作业加装的传感器也面临高温失效的风险。因此,高效可靠的热防护材料与技术对于保障消防机器人稳定运行至关重要。本文聚焦消防机器人热防护问题,重点综述了防热涂层、隔热材料、相变储能材料等关键热防护材料的应用现状,并系统梳理了整体热防护方案和核心部件防护设计等热防护技术的研究进展。同时,总结了现有技术的不足,主要包括材料耐高温极限与轻量化矛盾、长期稳定性与成本控制等方面仍尚需研究,并从智能化热防护系统、传感器集成与数据融合及动态热管理调控这几方面对未来研究方向进行展望,以期推动消防机器人的工程化应用。
As critical equipment capable of replacing firefighters in fire suppression and rescue operations, firefighting robots have garnered increasing attention, with intelligence and autonomy becoming major developmental trends. However, such robots face significant challenges in complex thermal environments during firefield operations, where core control components and sensors for autonomous functionality are at risk of thermal failure. Thus, highly efficient and reliable thermal protection materials and technologies are essential to ensure stable robot performance. This paper focuses on thermal protection for firefighting robots, reviewing key materials including thermal protection coatings, thermal insulating materials, and phase-change energy storage materials, while systematically analyzing research progress in integrated thermal protection strategies and critical component protection design. Current limitations are summarized, particularly the trade-off among high-temperature resistance, lightweight properties, long-term stability issues, and cost constraints. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing intelligent thermal protection systems, sensor integration with data fusion, and dynamic thermal management, aiming to advance the engineering applications of firefighting robots.
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国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3011001)
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