环境障涂层材料、制备工艺与失效机制研究进展
Research progress in fabrication technologies and failure mechanisms of environmental barrier coatings
随着航空发动机技术的不断进步,其工作温度持续攀升,用于叶片防护的环境障涂层(EBCs)服役环境日趋苛刻,对涂层的综合性能提出了更高要求。在材料体系方面,EBCs已从第一代莫来石/YSZ体系发展到第四代热/环境障涂层(T/EBCs),其中稀土硅酸盐因其优异的高温稳定性和热膨胀系数匹配性成为研究热点。本文综述了大气等离子喷涂(APS)、电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)及等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)等常用的环境障涂层制备工艺,分析了工艺参数对涂层质量的影响,并阐述了水氧腐蚀、钙镁铝硅酸盐(CMAS)侵蚀及热循环应力作用下涂层的典型失效机制。环境障涂层未来发展方向,可能聚焦于高熵新材料研发、多尺度结构设计及智能化工艺优化,以此全面提升涂层的服役性能与使用寿命。
With the development of aero-engine technology, the rising operating temperature makes the service environment of environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) increasingly severe, imposing higher demands on their comprehensive performance. EBCs have evolved from the first-generation mullite/YSZ system to the fourth-generation thermal/environmental barrier coatings (T/EBCs), among which rare-earth silicates have become a research hotspot owing to their excellent high-temperature stability and matched thermal expansion coefficient. This paper reviews typical EBCs preparation processes including APS, EB-PVD and PS-PVD, analyses the influence of process parameters on coating quality, and elaborates the typical failure mechanisms under water-vapor corrosion, CMAS attack and thermal cycling stress. Future development of EBCs will focus on high-entropy materials, multi-scale structural design and intelligent process optimization to further improve their service performance and lifetime.
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