抗氧化烧蚀涂层高温性能测试方法研究进展
Research progress in high‑temperature performance testing methods for anti oxidation ablative coatings
随着空天飞行器对耐高温、超高速及极端恶劣服役环境的需求日益突出,热防护材料在耐温性、耐久性与可靠性方面面临着更高的要求。表面涂层技术已经成为提高热防护材料在高温环境下抗氧化与抗烧蚀性能的有效途径之一。其中超高温陶瓷涂层以高熔点、高硬度、良好的化学稳定性与优异的抗氧化烧蚀性等优势成为表面抗氧化烧蚀涂层技术领域的重点研究方向。性能良好的陶瓷涂层能够保护基体与外界高温、富氧、强气流冲刷等恶劣环境隔绝,从而提高复合材料的服役使用寿命,促进复合材料在航空航天、船舶等领域的应用。针对高马赫数飞行器面临的极端服役环境,本文以当前陶瓷涂层性能测试研究进展为理论基础,系统地梳理了当前抗氧化烧蚀涂层高温性能测试技术的研究进展,重点围绕静态抗氧化、抗热震与动态抗氧化烧蚀三类核心评价技术的测试方法、测试原理、适用范围与局限性进行全面对比分析。为解决抗氧化烧蚀陶瓷涂层在性能评估中面临的一些瓶颈,未来仍需致力于构建多场耦合仿真、建立性能预测框架并推动测试标准化,以突破技术壁垒加速高性能涂层的研发与应用。
As the demand for aerospace vehicles to withstand high temperatures, ultra-high speeds, and extremely harsh service environments becomes increasingly prominent, there are higher requirements for thermal protection materials in terms of temperature resistance, durability, and reliability. Surface coating technology has become one of the effective ways to improve the oxidation and ablation resistance of composite materials in high-temperature environments. Among these, ceramic coatings, with advantages such as high melting point, high hardness, good chemical stability, and excellent oxidation and ablation resistance, have become a key research direction in the field of surface coating technology. Well-performing ceramic coatings can protect the substrate from harsh external environments such as high temperatures, oxygen-rich conditions, and strong airflow, thereby extending the service life of composites and promoting their application in fields such as aerospace and marine. Addressing the extreme service environments faced by high-Mach-number vehicles, this paper systematically reviews the research progress in high-temperature performance testing technology for ceramic coatings, based on current advancements in testing performance. It focuses on a comprehensive comparative analysis of three core evaluation technologies: static oxidation resistance, thermal shock resistance, and dynamic oxidation ablation, including their testing methods, principles, applicable ranges, and limitations. To address some of the bottlenecks faced by antioxidant ablation ceramic coatings in performance evaluation, future efforts should focus on developing multi-field coupled simulations, establishing performance prediction frameworks, and promoting standardization of testing, to overcome technical barriers and accelerate the research, development, and application of high-performance coatings.
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国家自然科学基金项目(52173306)
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