Ti2AlNb合金高温氧化与腐蚀研究进展:机理、防护与发展挑战
Research progress in high-temperature oxidation and corrosion of Ti2AlNb alloys: mechanisms,protection,and development challenges
Ti2AlNb合金作为650~750 ℃温度区间长期使用的典型钛铝系合金,在航空发动机典型构件中具有良好的应用潜力,但其在高温氧化、熔盐腐蚀及水蒸气环境中易发生氧化膜失稳、界面脆化与力学性能退化,这成为制约合金工程实际应用的重要问题之一。该合金主要由O、B2与α2相构成,因此合金内部引入了高密度晶界和相界,同时伴随着显著的成分分配差异与电化学不均匀性,使其在复杂工况条件下表现出显著的界面敏感性和非均匀环境响应特征。本文围绕这一多相组织结构对高温氧化与腐蚀行为的重要影响,系统综述Ti2AlNb合金的相关研究进展。重点阐释以TiO2、Al2O3及Nb相关氧化物为特征的复杂氧化膜形成与演化规律,揭示Nb元素在调控氧扩散行为与氧化物类型方面所呈现的双重作用,探讨多相选择性氧化及由此引发的界面应力集中对氧化膜长期稳定性的影响机制。结合复杂工况环境特征,梳理Ti2AlNb合金在含Cl-、SO熔盐及水蒸气气氛中的腐蚀与氧化耦合行为,阐明B2相与O相之间的电化学差异所导致的局部腐蚀敏感性,Cl-和SO等腐蚀性离子对氧化膜连续性与致密性的破坏作用,以及水蒸气中氢渗入诱导的沿晶脆化对应用可靠性的关键影响。在此基础上,介绍围绕其多相组织特征与Nb活性扩散行为而发展的多种表面防护技术,包括渗铝改性构建以α-Al2O3为主体的选择性氧化膜、硅化与硅-稀土复合涂层形成SiO2阻隔层、MCrAlY类金属涂层及其扩散阻挡设计,分析涂层/基体界面在复杂元素互扩散条件下的稳定性问题。面向工程应用需求,进一步指出Ti2AlNb合金在多界面耦合氧化与腐蚀机理认知、长时环境稳定性评价方法、涂层体系集成化设计及服役寿命预测等方面仍面临的关键挑战,并展望未来在多相界面调控与防护体系协同设计方向上的研究重点。
Ti2AlNb alloys,as representative TiAl-based alloys designed for long-term use in the temperature range of 650-750 ℃,exhibit promising potential for applications in typical aero-engine components. However,their susceptibility to oxide scale instability,interfacial embrittlement,and degradation of mechanical properties under high-temperature oxidation,molten-salt corrosion,and water-vapor environments constitutes one of the key factors restricting their practical engineering application. The Ti2AlNb alloy primarily consists of O,B2,and α2 phases,introducing a high density of grain boundaries and phase interfaces within the alloy,accompanied by pronounced compositional partitioning and electrochemical heterogeneity. As a result,Ti2AlNb alloys exhibit significant interface sensitivity and non-uniform environmental responses under complex working conditions. This review paper focuses on the significant role of the multiphase microstructure in governing high-temperature oxidation and corrosion behavior and systematically summarizes the research progress on Ti2AlNb alloys. Particular emphasis is placed on the formation and evolution of complex oxide scales characterized by TiO2,Al2O3,and Nb-related oxides. The dual role of Nb in regulating oxygen diffusion and determining oxide types is clarified,and the effects of selective oxidation among different phases and the associated interfacial stress concentration on the long-term stability of oxide scales are discussed. Considering complex working conditions,this work outlines the coupled corrosion-oxidation behavior of Ti2AlNb alloys in molten salts containing Cl- and SO as well as in water-vapor atmospheres. It clarifies the localized corrosion sensitivity arising from the electrochemical differences between the B2 and O phases, the destructive effects of corrosive ions such as Cl⁻ and SO on the continuity and compactness of the oxide scale, and the critical impact of hydrogen ingress-induced intergranular embrittlement in water vapor on application reliability. On this basis,various surface protection technologies developed in relation to the multiphase microstructure and the active diffusion behavior of Nb are introduced. These include aluminizing treatments that construct α-Al2O3-dominated selective oxide scales,silicide and Si-rare-earth composite coatings that form SiO2 barrier layers,and MCrAlY-type metallic coatings with diffusion-barrier designs. The stability of coating/substrate interfaces under complex interdiffusion conditions is also analyzed. From the perspective of engineering applications,key challenges remain in understanding multi-interface coupled oxidation and corrosion mechanisms,establishing reliable long-term environmental stability evaluation methods,optimizing integrated coating-system design,and improving service-life prediction. Future research focuses on multiphase interface regulation and the synergistic design of advanced protection systems.
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国家自然科学基金(U2141222)
国家自然科学基金(51871168)
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〉 |