中医药院校本科实习护生生命意义感的潜在类别及其对职业心理发展轨迹的影响
田力元 , 杨芊芊 , 赵荟如 , 洪颖 , 张艳 , 施敏敏
中医教育 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6) : 37 -43.
中医药院校本科实习护生生命意义感的潜在类别及其对职业心理发展轨迹的影响
Latent classes of meaning in life among undergraduate nursing interns in TCM colleges and universities and their impact on professional psychological development trajectories
目的 探讨中医药院校本科护生实习前生命意义感的潜在类别特征,并纵向分析不同类别在实习期间职业心理发展轨迹的动态变化,为构建精准化临床实习支持体系提供依据。 方法 采用纵向研究设计,于2024年7月—2025年6月,便利选取某中医药院校本科护生作为调查对象。在实习前(T0)、实习3个月(T1)、6个月(T2)、10个月(T3)4个时间点,采用生命意义感量表、一般自我效能感量表、工作沉浸体验量表与生涯适应力量表进行问卷调查。 结果 共回收有效问卷1 322份。潜在剖面分析识别出3个类别:意义充盈型(21.0%)、意义困惑型(40.0%)与平衡适应型(39.0%)。类别特征在“是否喜欢中医护理”“就读中医院校原因”上具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。纵向贝叶斯分析显示,各类别职业心理发展轨迹呈现“初期潜伏、中期分化、后期趋同”的动态模式:实习初期(T0)各类别差异不显著;实习中期(T1~T2),平衡适应型与其余两类在工作沉浸体验上存在弱至中等差异(BF10=2.129~9.498);实习末期(T3),平衡适应型与意义充盈型在生涯适应力上呈有限趋同态势(BF10=1.606)。 结论 中医药院校本科护生实习前生命意义感存在异质性类别,其职业心理发展轨迹具有阶段性演进特征。建议在实习前对护生开展生命意义感评估与分类,并在实习关键阶段实施针对性心理支持,以促进其职业心理发展水平的提升。
Objective To explore the latent class characteristics of meaning in life among undergraduate nursing students in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) colleges and universities before internship, and to longitudinally analyze the dynamic changes in professional psychological development trajectories among different classes during internship, so as to provide evidence for constructing a precise clinical internship support system. Methods A longitudinal study design was adopted. From July 2024 to June 2025, undergraduate nursing students from a TCM college or university were conveniently selected as participants. Questionnaire surveys were conducted at four time points: before internship (T0), 3 months into internship (T1), 6 months into internship (T2), and 10 months into internship (T3). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Work-Related Flow Inventory, and Career Adapt-Abilities Scale were used. Results A total of 1,322 valid questionnaire responses were collected. Latent profile analysis identified three classes: meaning-fulfilled type (21.0%), meaning-confused type (40.0%), and balanced-adaptive type (39.0%). Significant differences were found among the classes in terms of “whether they liked TCM nursing” and “reasons for studying at a TCM college or university” (P<0.05). Longitudinal Bayesian analysis showed that the professional psychological development trajectories of the three classes followed a dynamic pattern of “early latency, mid-term differentiation, and late convergence.” In the early stage of internship (T0), no significant differences were observed among the classes. In the middle stage of internship (T1-T2), the balanced-adaptive type showed weak to moderate differences from the other two types in work-related flow experience (BF10=2.129-9.498). In the late stage of internship (T3), the balanced-adaptive type and the meaning-fulfilled type showed a limited tendency toward convergence in career adaptability (BF10=1.606). Conclusion There are heterogeneous latent classes of meaning in life among undergraduate nursing interns in TCM colleges and universities before internship, and their professional psychological development trajectories show stage-specific evolutionary characteristics. It is recommended that meaning in life be assessed and classified before internship, and targeted psychological support be provided at key stages of internship to promote the development of their professional psychological well-being.
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浙江中医药大学教学学术研究项目(AXS24001)
浙江中医药大学教学学术研究项目(BXS25016)
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