贵州草海主要水产物种重金属富集特征及健康风险评价

Heavy metal enrichment characteristics and health risk assessment of major aquatic species in Caohai Lake,Guizhou Province

摘要

为加强贵州草海重金属污染长期风险的识别,本研究选取流域内的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)、鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)和克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)为研究对象,通过8种重金属(Zn、Cu、Se、As、Cr、Pb、Cd和Hg)的含量测试,明确了草海主要水产的重金属富集特征,并利用污染指数和健康风险评价法,评价了主要水产的污染特征和风险水平。结果表明:草海主要水产的重金属含量总体较低,依次为Zn>Cu>Se>As>Cr>Pb>Cd>Hg,且均未超过国家最大残留限量标准。污染评价表明,大部分重金属的P_i值均低于0.2,不存在污染,仅有部分克氏原螯虾与鲤鱼中存在As和Pb超过0.2的情况,但均低于0.6,表现出轻度污染,克氏原螯虾显著更高的MP_i值,表明其显著更高的污染程度。对于成人而言,各类水产的THQ值均小于1,表明不存在显著健康风险;而儿童摄入克氏原螯虾时,其As的THQ值超过1,存在潜在风险。建议儿童每周克氏原螯虾和鲤鱼的摄入量分别不超过0.27 kg和0.32 kg。

Abstract

To enhance the identification of long-term risks of heavy metal pollution in Caohai Lake of Guizhou,this study selected Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Carassius auratus,Cyprinus carpio and Procambarus clarkii as research subjects.Through content testing of eight heavy metals (Zn,Cu,Se,As,Cr,Pb,Cd,and Hg),the heavy metal enrichment characteristics of major aquatic products in Caohai Lake were elucidated.Pollution indices and health risk assessment methods were employed to evaluate the pollution characteristics and risk levels of these aquatic products.The results indicate that the overall heavy metal content in the major aquatic products of Caohai Lake is relatively low,following the order Zn>Cu>Se>As>Cr>Pb>Cd>Hg,with none exceeding the national maximum residue limits.Pollution assessment revealed that the P_i values for most heavy metals were below 0.2,indicating no pollution.Only in some Procambarus clarkii and Cyprinus carpio did As and Pb exceed 0.2 but remain below 0.6,showing mild pollution.The significantly higher MP_i values in Procambarus clarkii indicate a notably higher pollution level.For adults,the THQ values for all types of aquatic products were below 1,indicating no significant health risk.However,for children,the THQ value for arsenic (As) exceeded 1 when consuming Procambarus clarkii,suggesting a potential health risk.It is recommended that the weekly intake of Procambarus clarkii and Cyprinus carpio for children should not exceed 0.27 kg and 0.32 kg,respectively.

关键词

重金属 / 水产物种 / 污染指数 / 健康风险 / 草海

Key words

heavy metals / aquatic species / pollution index / health risk / Lake Caohai

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基金资助

贵州省教育厅高等学校自然科学研究项目(黔教技[2024]309号);安顺职业技术学院院级基金项目重点课题(安职院重点基金合X202302号);云南省地质矿产勘查开发局科技创新项目(云地[2025]8号);云南省基础研究计划项目(202501AT070037);贵州省基础研究计划项目(黔科合基础MS[2025]269);贵州省科技重大计划项目(黔科合重大专项字[2024]009)