近20年西南地区土地利用—景观格局—生态安全时空特征及耦合响应——以西南三省一市为例

Spatiotemporal characteristics and coupling evolution mechanism of land use,landscape pattern,and ecological security in Southwest China over the past two decades——A case study of three provinces and one municipality in Southwest China

摘要

在全球变化与高强度人类活动双重胁迫下,系统解析土地利用转型及其引发的景观格局演变对区域生态安全的影响机制至关重要。本文以中国西南三省一市为对象,集成2000、2010、2020年3期多源数据,综合运用GIS空间分析、景观格局指数、PSR模型与Getis-Ord G_i^*冷热点探测,系统揭示近20年土地利用变化、景观格局演变与生态安全的时空特征及其耦合响应。结果表明:1)土地利用结构总体稳定,但转型特征鲜明,呈现“前期剧烈、后期趋稳”态势;林地(>48%)、耕地(≈29%)和草地(≈20%)为主导地类,其中草地净减少72.14万hm²(-2.71%),建设用地扩张最为显著,2000—2010年增速高达21.32%,2000—2020年整体涨幅37.12%。2)整体景观趋于整合,破碎化降低(斑块密度由7.25个/km²降至6.86个/km²),聚集性增强;类型层面,建设用地通过内部填充实现集约扩张,而生态用地连通性在关键区域被持续割裂。3)生态安全格局发生根本性重构:从2000年自然主导的“西高东低”,演变为2020年成渝、滇中等城市群连片“较不安全—不安全”风险区与孤立高安全区并存的二元结构,“生态孤岛”现象凸显。4)耦合响应分析证实,建设用地扩张是核心胁迫因子,通过“边缘侵蚀—廊道切割—板块替代”的关联效应,系统性削弱区域生态安全。

Abstract

Under the dual pressures of global change and high-intensity of human activities,it is crucial to systematically elucidate the mechanisms by which land use transitions and the resulting landscape pattern evolution affect regional ecological security.Focusing on the "three provinces and one municipality" in Southwest China,this study integrates multi-source data from 2000,2010,and 2020. By employing GIS spatial analysis,landscape pattern indices,the pressure-state-response (PSR) model,and Getis-Ord G_i^* hotspot analysis,we systematically reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics and coupling response mechanisms of land use change,landscape pattern evolution,and ecological security over the past two decades.The results indicate that:1) The overall land use structure remained stable but exhibited distinct transition characteristics,showing a trend of "intense in the early stage,stabilizing in the later stage." Forest land (>48%),cultivated land (≈29%),and grassland (≈20%) were the dominant land types; notably,grassland decreased by a net 721 400 hectares (-2.71%),while construction land expansion was the most significant,with a growth rate of up to 21.32% during 2000—2010, and a total growth rate of 37.12% during 2000—2020.2) The overall landscape tended towards integration with reduced fragmentation (patch density decreased from 7.25 to 6.86) and enhanced aggregation; at the type level,construction land achieved intensive expansion through internal infill,whereas the connectivity of ecological land was continuously severed in key areas. 3) The ecological security pattern underwent fundamental restructuring:evolving from a natural-dominated "high in the west,low in the east" distribution in 2000 to a dual structure in 2020 characterized by the coexistence of contiguous "less safe to unsafe" risk zones in urban agglomerations (such as Chengdu-Chongqing and Central Yunnan) and isolated high-security zones,highlighting the "ecological island" phenomenon.4) Coupling mechanism analysis confirms that construction land expansion is the core stressor,systematically undermining regional ecological security through a three-level cascading effect of "edge erosion-corridor cutting-patch replacement".

关键词

土地利用变化 / 景观格局演变 / 生态安全格局 / 耦合响应 / 西南地区

Key words

land use change / landscape pattern evolution / ecological security pattern / coupled response / Southwest China

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基金资助

国家社会科学基金项目(22XJY006);2024年重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究一般项目(24SKGH361)