污染企业排放强度的空间正义性评价及地方管制效应研究——以关中平原城市群为例

Research on the evaluation of spatial justice of polluting enterprises' emission intensity and the effects of local regulation——A case study of the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration

摘要

在我国产业结构调整与空间布局持续优化的背景下,中西部欠发达地区开发进程中的空间正义问题逐渐成为影响其区域发展韧性的重要理论与实践议题。以关中平原城市群为例,基于重点监控污染企业的污染排放量数据,构建了基于“经济产出+生态负担”的污染企业空间正义性评价(PEE)模型,并采用地理加权回归模型系统分析地方管制行为,即环境规制和地方保护对污染排放强度的影响效应。研究发现:1)研究区污染排放强度呈现“大气污染主导”的结构特征,并在陕晋交界处表现出较为突出的跨界污染风险。2)环境负担分配存在经济维度和生态维度的双重非正义性。在全域尺度上,不同区县在经济收益与生态代价上的分配差距显著,且生态维度的不均衡性远高于经济维度。3)在区县尺度上,研究区以“高产出+低负担”的红利型区县为主,资源型城市多为“低产出+高负担”型,城市群核心区主要为“高产出+高负担”型,“低产出+低负担”型主要为处于低水平被动式公平的农业型区县。4)相较于环境规制,地方保护对污染排放强度的影响更为显著,且环境规制会进一步强化地方保护的正向作用。环境规制会在一定程度上激励企业的技术创新,但其强度提升也会抑制区域的工业集聚水平。

Abstract

Under the backdrop of continuous optimization of industrial structure adjustment and spatial layout in our country,the issue of spatial justice in the development process of underdeveloped regions in central and western China has gradually become an important theoretical and practical topic affecting the regional development resilience.Taking the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration as an example,this paper constructs a spatial justice evaluation model(PEE) for polluting enterprise based on "economic output+ecological burden" by using the pollution emission data of key monitored polluting enterprises.It also systematically analyzes the local regulatory behavior,namely the impact of environmental regulation and local protection on pollution emission intensity,by using the geographically weighted regression model.The research findings are as follows:1)The pollution emission intensity in the study area shows a structure dominated by atmospheric pollution,and there is a relatively prominent cross-border pollution risk at the junction of Shaanxi and Shanxi.2)There is a dual injustice in the distribution of environmental burden in terms of economic and ecological dimensions.At the regional scale,the distribution gap of economic benefits and ecological costs among different counties and districts is significant,and the imbalance in the ecological dimension is much higher than that in the economic dimension.3)At the county scale,the study area is mainly composed of "high output+low burden" dividend-type counties and districts,resource-based cities are mostly "low output+high burden" type,the core area of the urban agglomeration is mainly "high output+high burden" type,and "low output + low burden" type is mainly agricultural counties and districts in a passive state of fairness.4)Compared with environmental regulation,local protection has a more significant impact on pollution emission intensity,and environmental regulation will further enhance the positive effect of local protection.Environmental regulation will to some extent stimulate technological innovation in enterprises,but the increase in its intensity will also inhibit the industrial agglomeration level of the region.

关键词

污染企业 / 污染排放强度 / 空间正义 / 地方管制 / 关中平原城市群

Key words

polluting enterprises / pollution emission intensity / spatial justice / local regulation / Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42071214);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2025JC-YBQN-343)