针对认知无人机网络中,作为次用户发射机的无人机难以准确获取窃听信道的信道状态信息而使次级系统安全性能下降的难题,提出一种利用智能反射面(intelligent reflecting surface,IRS)辅助无人机认知通信增强次用户安全传输性能的鲁棒方法.在满足主用户干扰温度约束的条件下,建立确定性模型描述窃听信道的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)的不确定性,联合优化智能反射面的相移矩阵、无人机的飞行轨迹和发射功率,最大化次用户的最差平均保密速率.并针对该优化问题的非凸性,基于交替优化、连续凸近似、S-Procedure和半定松弛方法,提出了一个有效的三阶段迭代算法.实验结果表明,相比于非鲁棒方案,所提出的鲁棒方案可以显著提升次用户的安全传输性能.
Abstract
To address the problem that it is difficult for the secondary unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to acquire the accurate channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropping channel in UAV cognitive radio systems, which reduces the security performance of the secondary system, this paper proposes a robust method to enhance the security transmit performance of the secondary user (SU) by using intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to assist UAV cognitive communication. Under the constraints of the interference temperature of the primary user (PU), a deterministic model is established to describe the uncertainty of the CSI of the eavesdropping channel, and the phase shift matrix of IRS, the flight trajectory and transmit power of the UAV are jointly optimized to maximize the average worst‑case secrecy rate of the SU. To tackle the non‑convexity of the formulated optimization problem, an effective three‑stage iterative algorithm is presented based on alternating optimization, successive convex approximation, S-Procedure, and semi‑definite relaxation methods. The simulation results show that compared to non‑robust scheme, the proposed robust scheme can significantly improve the secure performance of the SU.
上述研究均认为窃听者的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)是完美已知的.然而,由于窃听者通常会避免被合法发送端发现,隐藏自己以拦截合法通信传输,使得UAV难以获取窃听信道准确的CSI.而不准确的CSI会使安全通信方案中波束成形向量的设计产生误差,从而导致系统的保密性能下降.文献[16-17]研究了不完美CSI情况下,IRS辅助CR系统的安全通信问题,在满足PU的IT约束条件下,最大化SU的最差保密速率,证明了不完美CSI情况下,IRS可以大幅提升CR系统的安全通信性能.面向IRS赋能UAV安全通信,文献[18]研究了在窃听信道CSI为不完美已知的情况下,通过联合设计IRS相移矩阵,UAV飞行轨迹和功率控制以最大化SU在最坏情况下的平均保密速率,表明了IRS可以提升UAV通信的安全传输性能.但并未涉及不完美CSI情况IRS辅助认知无人机网络的安全传输问题.针对以上研究的不足,本文研究工作如下:
MajumderT, MishraR K, SinghS S,et al.Cognitive‑radio‑based resource management for smart transportation:a sliding mode control approach[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2023,10(21):18622-18632.
[2]
WuW, WangZ, WuY H,et al.Joint sensing and transmission optimization for IRS-assisted cognitive radio networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2023,22(9):5941-5956.
DengQ, ChenX H, LiangX P,et al.Adaptive beam alignment and optimization for IRS-aided high‑speed UAV communications[J].IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking,2023,7(3):1583-1595.
[5]
MozaffariM, SaadW, BennisM,et al.A tutorial on UAVs for wireless networks:applications,challenges,and open problems[J].IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,2019,21(3):2334-2360.
[6]
MeiW D, WuQ Q, ZhangR.Cellular‑connected UAV:uplink association,power control and interference coordination[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2019,18(11):5380-5393.
[7]
LiX W, YaoH P, WangJ J,et al.A near‑optimal UAV-aided radio coverage strategy for dense urban areas[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2019,68(9):9098-9109.
[8]
NobarS K, AhmedM H, MorganY,et al.Resource allocation in cognitive radio‑enabled UAV communication[J].IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking,2022,8(1):296-310.
[9]
LiangX P, DengQ, ShuF,et al.Energy‑efficiency joint trajectory and resource allocation optimization in cognitive UAV systems[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2022,9(2):23058-23071.
[10]
WangC, YangH L, XiaoL,et al.Joint trajectory optimization and power control for cognitive UAV-assisted secure communications[C]//2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).Kuala Lumpur,2023:7279-7284.
[11]
WangZ, GuoJ C, ChenZ Q,et al.Robust secure UAV relay‑assisted cognitive communications with resource allocation and cooperative jamming[J].Journal of Communications and Networks,2022,24(2):139-153.
WuQ Q, ZhangR.Intelligent reflecting surface enhanced wireless network via joint active and passive beamforming[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2019,18(11):5394-5409.
[14]
LiA, GuoT, WuQ Q,et al.Secure IRS-aided cognitive UAV communications[C]//IEEE 23rd International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT).Wuxi,2023:1468-1473.
[15]
ZhangJ F, WangW, TangJ,et al.Joint analog and passive beamforming design for IRS-aided secure cognitive NOMA systems[C]//2023 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).Rome,2023:4267-4272.
[16]
DongL M, WangH M, XiaoH T.Secure cognitive radio communication via intelligent reflecting surface[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2021,69(7):4678-4690.
[17]
ZhangX, LiA, GuoT.Secrecy rate maximization for IRS-assisted MISOME cognitive radio system[C]//2022 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).Austin,2022:1958-1963.
[18]
LiS X, DuoB, RenzoM D,et al.Robust secure UAV communications with the aid of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2021,20(10):6402-6417.
[19]
ZhuL P, ZhangJ, XiaoZ Y,et al.3-D beamforming for flexible coverage in millimeter‑wave UAV communications[J].IEEE Wireless Communications Letters,2019,8(3):837-840.
[20]
NgD W K, LoE S, SchoberR.Robust beamforming for secure communication in systems with wireless information and power transfer[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2014,13(8):4599-4615.
[21]
ZhangG C, WuQ Q, CuiM,et al.Securing UAV communications via joint trajectory and power control[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2019,18(2):1376-1389.