Objective This study aims to explore the interactive relationship between new-type urbanization and ecological vulnerability, to provide a reference for regional sustainable development and expand research on human-land relationships. Methods Taking the region east of the Heihe-Tengchong Line as an example, this study evaluated ecological vulnerability and new-type urbanization, and explored their interactive relationship using the coupling coordination degree, bivariate global spatial autocorrelation, and the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. Results (1) From 2002 to 2022, the ecological vulnerability in the area east of the Heihe-Tengchong Line showed a trend of first increasing and then slowly improving, and the level of new-type urbanization showed an upward trend. (2) During the research period, the level of coupling coordination between new-type urbanization and ecological vulnerability increased from moderate incoordination to basic coordination, and the proportion of synchronous development increased from 48% to 60%. (3) The impact intensity of environmental urbanization on ecological vulnerability increased from -0.18 to -0.28, while the impact intensity of ecosystem structure and function on new-type urbanization increased from -0.19 to -0.31. (4) The spatial distribution of the interactive impact between new-type urbanization and ecological vulnerability exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity. Conclusion Overall, the conflict between new-type urbanization and ecological vulnerability is gradually decreasing. The development of environmental urbanization can effectively alleviate ecological vulnerability, while the restoration of ecosystem structure and function can promote the development of new-type urbanization.
3.3.3 时空地理加权回归(geographically and temporally weighted regression, GTWR)模型
GTWR模型考虑了不同区域的时空异质性,本文使用GTWR模型反映生态脆弱性与新型城镇化的交互影响在时空演化上的局部效应。将空间权重函数类型设置为高斯函数,高斯函数能够很好地模拟距离衰减效应,适用于大多数情况,然后采用交叉验证进行带宽选择。参考已有研究[24],选择模型的决定系数(coefficient of determination, R2)、残差平方(residual squares, RS)和赤池信息准则(akaike information criterion, AIC)作为模型的评估参数。其中,R2或校正的R2反映了模型的拟合优度,R2或校正的R2值越大,模型拟合效果越好。AIC是模型性能的一种度量,优先考虑AIC值最小的模型。RS反映了模型的精度,一般RS的值越小模型的精度越高。GTWR模型的计算公式为:
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