超声监测动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者血流动力学与肾实质弹性值预测肾功能预后的价值
杨翠英 , 谢迎新 , 刘晓伟 , 张冬青 , 赵雅培 , 薛丽丽
河北医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1) : 57 -65.
超声监测动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄患者血流动力学与肾实质弹性值预测肾功能预后的价值
Value of ultrasonographic monitoring the hemodynamics and renal parenchymal elasticity in predicting the prognosis of renal function in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis
目的 探讨超声监测动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis,ARAS)患者血流动力学与肾实质弹性值预测肾功能预后的价值。 方法 选取2021年1月—2022年12月河北医科大学第二医院鹿泉院区收治的ARAS患者204例,均行肾动脉狭窄介入术治疗,术前、术后1周行彩色多普勒超声(color Doppler flow imaging,CDFI)及声脉冲辐射弹性成像(acoustic radiation force impulse,ARFI)检查,术后随访12个月,根据肾功能预后分为预后良好组与预后不良组。比较2组临床资料及术前、术后1周超声血流动力学参数[肾动脉流速峰值(peak systolic velocity,PSV)、阻力指数(resistive index,RI)、肾动脉与腹主动脉流速比值(renal-to-aortic ratio,RAR)、肾动脉与叶间动脉流速比值(renal-to-interlobar ratio,RIR)]、肾实质弹性值[剪切波传播速度(shear wave velocity,SWV)值]、变化率(Δ%);点二列相关系数分析各参数变化率与肾功能预后的相关性;Logistic回归分析确定各参数变化率对肾功能预后的影响,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),分析各参数变化率对肾功能预后的预测价值。 结果 预后不良组肾动脉狭窄程度为重度占比(77.05%)、术前收缩压[(140.16±13.85)mmHg]、舒张压[(83.67±5.71)mmHg],高于预后良好组[60.00%、(128.75±11.07)mmHg、(76.28±5.28)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1周,预后不良组和预后良好组肾动脉PSV、RI、RAR、RIR、肾实质SWV值[预后不良组:(115.68±36.13)cm/s、(0.66±0.04)、(1.85±0.62)、(2.58±0.83)、(3.49±0.67)m/s;预后良好组(76.13±25.48)cm/s、(0.62±0.02)、(1.31±0.49)、(1.72±0.51)、(2.82±0.53)m/s]低于术前[预后不良组:(281.43±33.43)cm/s、(0.78±0.05)、(4.46±0.61)、(8.64±1.18)、(4.75±1.02)m/s;预后良好组:(252.36±24.12)cm/s、(0.75±0.04)、(4.02±0.48)、(7.26±0.75)、(4.06±0.94)m/s],预后不良组肾动脉PSV、RI、RAR、RIR、肾实质SWV值高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预后不良组肾动脉PSVΔ%、RIΔ%、RARΔ%、RIRΔ%、肾实质SWV值Δ%[(58.90±10.23)、(15.38±1.52)、(58.52±7.88)、(70.14±5.31)、(26.53±3.76)]低于预后良好组[(69.83±14.06)、(17.33±2.18)、(67.41±9.39)、(76.31±6.57)、(30.54±4.05)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。点二列相关性分析显示,肾动脉PSVΔ%、RIΔ%、RARΔ%、RIRΔ%、肾实质SWV值Δ%与肾功能预后不良风险呈负相关(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,平衡处理混杂因素后,肾动脉PSVΔ%、RIΔ%、RARΔ%、RIRΔ%、肾实质SWV值Δ%是ARAS患者肾功能预后的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC分析显示,肾动脉PSVΔ%、RIΔ%、RARΔ%、RIRΔ%、肾实质SWV值Δ%预测ARAS患者肾功能预后的AUC分别为0.761、0.730、0.776、0.781、0.749,联合预测的AUC为0.904,显著高于各参数单独预测价值(Z=3.661、3.839、2.982、3.048、3.578,均P<0.05)。 结论 超声血流动力学参数及肾实质弹性值变化率均是ARAS患者介入术后肾功能预后的独立影响因素,联合应用对肾功能预后不良具有一定预测价值,可作为临床预测术后肾功能的新型方案,从而可指导临床决策。
Objective To investigate the value of ultrasonographic monitoring of hemodynamics and renal parenchymal elasticity in predicting the prognosis of renal function in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS). Methods A total of 204 patients with ARAS admitted to Luquan Branch of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected. All patients underwent interventional therapy for renal artery stenosis. Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) were performed before and at 1 week after operation. The patients were followed up for 12 months. According to the prognosis of renal function, they were divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group. The clinical data and ultrasonic hemodynamic parameters [peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistive index (RI), renal-to-aortic ratio (RAR), renal-to-interlobar ratio (RIR)], renal parenchymal elasticity [shear wave velocity (SWV)] and change rate (Δ%) were compared between the two groups before and at 1 week after operation. The correlation between the change rate of each parameter and the prognosis of renal function was analyzed by point-biserial correlation coefficient. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effect of the change rate of each parameter on the prognosis of renal function. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to analyze the predictive value of the change rate of each parameter for the prognosis of renal function. Results The proportion of severe renal artery stenosis (77.05%), preoperative systolic blood pressure [(140.16±13.85) mmHg] and diastolic blood pressure [(83.67±5.71) mmHg] in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group [60.00%, (128.75±11.07) mmHg, (76.28±5.28) mmHg], showing significant differences (P<0.05). The renal artery PSV, RI, RAR, RIR and renal parenchymal SWV values at 1 week after operation [the poor prognosis group: (115.68±36.13) cm/s, (0.66±0.04), (1.85±0.62), (2.58±0.83), (3.49±0.67) m/s; the good prognosis group: (76.13±25.48) cm/s, (0.62±0.02), (1.31±0.49), (1.72±0.51), (2.82±0.53) m/s] were lower than those before operation [the poor prognosis group: (281.43±33.43) cm/s, (0.78±0.05), (4.46±0.61), (8.64±1.18), (4.75±1.02) m/s; the good prognosis group: (252.36±24.12) cm/s, (0.75±0.04), (4.02±0.48), (7.26±0.75), (4.06±0.94) m/s], while the renal artery PSV, RI, RAR, RIR and renal parenchymal SWV values in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the good prognosis group, showing significant differences (P<0.05). The renal artery PSVΔ%, RIΔ%, RARΔ%, RIRΔ% and renal parenchymal SWVΔ% in the poor prognosis group [(58.90±10.23), (15.38±1.52), (58.52±7.88), (70.14±5.31), (26.53±3.76)] were lower than those in the good prognosis group [(69.83±14.06), (17.33±2.18), (67.41±9.39), (76.31±6.57), (30.54±4.05)], showing significant differences (P<0.05). Point-biserial correlation analysis showed that renal artery PSVΔ%, RIΔ%, RARΔ%, RIRΔ%, and renal parenchymal SWV value Δ% were negatively correlated with the risk of poor prognosis of renal function (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that after adjusting for confounding factors, renal artery PSVΔ%, RIΔ%, RARΔ%, RIRΔ%, and renal parenchymal SWV value Δ% were independent factors affecting the renal function prognosis of ARAS patients (P<0.05). ROC analysis revealed that the AUC for predicting renal function prognosis in ARAS patients using renal artery PSVΔ%, RIΔ%, RARΔ%, RIRΔ%, and renal parenchymal SWV value Δ% was 0.761, 0.730, 0.776, 0.781, and 0.749, respectively. The AUC of combined detection was 0.904, significantly higher than the predictive values of each parameter (Z=3.661, 3.839, 2.982, 3.048, 3.578, all P<0.05). Conclusion Both ultrasonic hemodynamic parameters and the change rate of renal parenchymal elasticity are independent factors influencing the prognosis of renal function in patients with ARAS after intervention. The combined application of these parameters has certain predictive value for poor renal function prognosis and can serve as a novel clinical approach for predicting postoperative renal function, thereby guiding clinical decision-making.
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