CALLY指数在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中的预后价值分析:一项基于淮海淋巴瘤协作组的多中心回顾性研究

孙嘉慧 ,  戎康 ,  葛洪峰 ,  王玲 ,  沈子园 ,  桑威

河北医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2) : 171 -178.

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河北医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2) : 171 -178. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2026.02.008
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CALLY指数在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中的预后价值分析:一项基于淮海淋巴瘤协作组的多中心回顾性研究

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Prognostic value of the CALLY index in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A multicenter retrospective study based on the Huaihai Lymphoma Working Group

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摘要

目的 探讨C反应蛋白―白蛋白―淋巴细胞(C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index,CALLY)指数在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)患者中的预后价值。 方法 回顾性纳入2010年4月—2025年1月期间淮海淋巴瘤协作组中8家医院收治的DLBCL患者955例。采用限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline,RCS)确定CALLY指数的最佳截断值,并根据此结果将患者分为高CALLY组与低CALLY组。比较2组临床资料;使用Kaplan-Meier方法绘制生存曲线,组间比较采用Log-rank检验;通过Cox比例风险模型评估CALLY指数与总生存(overall survival,OS)之间的关系。 结果 本研究共纳入初诊DLBCL患者955例,根据RCS结果,CALLY指数的最佳截断值为0.65,将患者分为高CALLY组477例与低CALLY组478例。高CALLY组年龄、C反应蛋白低于低CALLY组,无B症状、Ann Arbor分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、ECOG评分<2分、国际预后指数(international prognostic index,IPI)为低危/低中危、美国国家综合癌症网络国际预后指数(National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index,NCCN-IPI)评分为低危/低中危、淋巴细胞计数、白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶水平正常、GCB型比例高于低CALLY组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,高CALLY组患者总体生存率明显优于低CALLY组(P<0.05)。在未调整模型中,高CALLY组患者的死亡风险显著低于低CALLY组(HR=0.477,95%CI:0.372~0.613,P<0.001);在调整后的模型中,差异仍有统计学意义(HR=0.633,95%CI:0.477~0.842,P=0.002)。在不同亚组分析中,在IPI中高危组和NCCN-IPI中高危组、EB病毒脱氧核糖核酸(epstein-barr virus DNA,EBV DNA)阴性组和阳性组、Ki-67高表达(≥70%)和低表达(<70%)、生发中心B细胞型(germinal center B-cell-like,GCB)型患者和Non-GCB型患者中,高CALLY组的总生存率高于低CALLY组。 结论 CALLY指数作为一种结合炎症与营养状态的综合指标,在DLBCL患者中具有显著的预后价值。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of the C-reactive protein (CRP)-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods This retrospective study included 955 patients diagnosed with DLBCL between April 2010 and January 2025 across eight hospitals participating in the Huaihai Lymphoma Working Group. The optimal cutoff value for the CALLY index was determined using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and patients were subsequently divided into high and low CALLY groups. Clinical data were compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curves, and the Log-rank test was used for intergroup comparison. The association between the CALLY index and overall survival (OS) was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results This study included 955 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients. Based on the results of the RCS, the optimal cutoff value of the CALLY index was 0.65, and the patients were divided into a high CALLY group (n=477) and a low CALLY group (n=478). The high CALLY group exhibited significant differences compared with the low CALLY group in terms of age, CRP levels, absence of B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage I―II, ECOG score <2, low-risk/low-moderate risk based on international prognostic index (IPI), low-risk/low-moderate risk based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI) score, normal lymphocyte counts, albumin levels, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and a higher proportion of GCB-type lymphomas (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that the overall survival rate of the high CALLY group was significantly superior to that of the low CALLY group (P<0.05). In the unadjusted model, the mortality risk of the high CALLY group was significantly lower than that of the low CALLY group (HR=0.477, 95%CI: 0.372―0.613, P<0.001); in the adjusted model, the difference remained statistically significant (HR=0.633, 95%CI: 0.477―0.842, P=0.002). In various subgroup analyses, the overall survival rate was higher in the high CALLY group than the low CALLY group, specifically in the intermediate-high risk group defined by the IPI and the NCCN-IPI, the epstein-barr virus DNA (EBV DNA) negative group and positive group, the high Ki-67 expression group (≥70%) and low Ki-67 expression group (<70%), the germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) type patients and non-GCB type patients. Conclusion As a composite indicator reflecting inflammation and nutritional status, the CALLY index exhibits significant prognostic value in patients with DLBCL.

Graphical abstract

关键词

淋巴瘤,大B细胞,弥漫性 / CALLY / 预后 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2026.02.008

Key words

lymphoma,large B-cell,diffuse / CALLY / prognosis

引用本文

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孙嘉慧,戎康,葛洪峰,王玲,沈子园,桑威. CALLY指数在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中的预后价值分析:一项基于淮海淋巴瘤协作组的多中心回顾性研究[J]. 河北医科大学学报, 2026, 47(2): 171-178 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2026.02.008

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弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)是最常见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤类型[1-2],具有高度异质性,临床预后差异显著。虽然利妥昔单抗与蒽环素化疗的联合治疗已经改善了DLBCL患者的效果[3-4]。然而,大约1/3的患者为原发难治性疾病,或复发并最终死于淋巴瘤[5-6]。尽管国际预后指数(international prognostic index,IPI)[7]等传统预后工具广泛应用于DLBCL患者的风险分层,但仍存在一定局限[8]。近年来,炎症和营养状态在肿瘤发生发展中的作用日益受到关注。C反应蛋白―白蛋白―淋巴细胞(C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index,CALLY)指数作为一种整合了炎症反应和营养免疫状况的综合指标,已在多种恶性肿瘤中展现出潜在的预后价值[9-13]。然而,目前关于CALLY指数在DLBCL患者中预后价值的研究仍较为有限,尤其缺乏大样本、多中心的数据验证。本研究基于淮海淋巴瘤协作组中8家医院的多中心回顾性队列,系统评估CALLY指数在DLBCL患者中的预后价值,并进一步探讨其在不同临床亚组中的分层预测能力,旨在为DLBCL患者的风险评估与个体化治疗提供新的参考依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

回顾性收集2010年4月—2025年1月期间淮海淋巴瘤协作组中8家医疗中心共初诊为DLBCL患者955例的临床资料。纳入标准:①所有患者均经组织病理学确诊,符合2017年世界卫生组织淋巴瘤分类标准[7];②所有患者均具备完整的淋巴细胞计数、白蛋白及C反应蛋白检测数据。排除标准:①合并风湿性疾病或其他肿瘤相关疾病者;②特殊类型DLBCL患者,包括原发中枢神经系统大B细胞淋巴瘤、原发睾丸大B细胞淋巴瘤、原发纵隔大B细胞淋巴瘤及其他转化型DLBCL,

本研究经徐州医科大学附属医院伦理委员会批准(批准文号:XYFY2024-KL199-01),所有患者均知情同意并签署知情同意书。

1.2 临床资料

收集所有患者的临床资料及病理学资料,包括性别、年龄、淋巴细胞计数、白蛋白水平、C反应蛋白水平、体质状态评分(eastern cooperative oncology group performance status,ECOG PS)、Ann Arbor分期、B症状、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平、Ki-67水平等。此外,依据Hans免疫组织化学模型进行细胞起源分类,将其分为生发中心B细胞型(germinal center B-cell-like,GCB)和非生发中心B细胞型(Non-GCB)2组[14]。

1.3 CALLY计算方法

CALLY指数通过以下公式计算[15]:

CALLY=淋巴细胞计数(×109/L)×白蛋白(g/L)C反应蛋白(mg/L)。

1.4 随访信息

通过查阅患者电子病历系统及纸质病史记录,确认患者住院治疗情况。对患者进行电话随访,随访时间截至2025年4月。总生存期(overall survival,OS)定义为患者确诊DLBCL到任何原因死亡或随访结束之间的时间间隔。

1.5 统计学方法

应用R4.2.3统计软件分析数据。非正态分布的计量资料以M(QR)表示,比较采用秩和检验,计数资料以例数(%)表示,比较采用χ 2 检验;采用限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline,RCS)确定CALLY指数的最佳截断值。预后分析采用Kaplan-Meier曲线,组间比较使用Log-rank检验,采用Cox比例风险模型进行生存分析。为评估CALLY对传统评分系统的预测能力提升,采用timeROC包进行时间依赖性ROC分析,设置评估时间点为36个月,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线并计算对应的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)值。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结  果

2.1 基线特征

本研究共纳入DLBCL患者955例,根据RCS得出CALLY指数的最佳截断值为0.65(图1),将患者分为高CALLY组(n=477)和低CALLY组(n=478)。高CALLY组年龄、C反应蛋白低于低CALLY组,无B症状、Ann Arbor分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、ECOG评分<2分、IPI为低危/低中危、美国国家综合癌症网络国际预后指数(National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index,NCCN-IPI)评分为低危/低中危、淋巴细胞计数、白蛋白、LDH水平正常、GCB型比例高于低CALLY组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组其余指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。

2.2 生存分析

总体患者的5年OS为67.8%(图2A),中位随访时间为53.9个月。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,高CALLY组患者总体生存率明显优于低CALLY组(图2B)。Log-rank检验结果表明,2组间生存率差异有统计学意义(Chi-squared=35.140,P<0.001)。

以生存结局为自变量,以性别、年龄、Ann Arbor分期、ECOG PS、CALLY、LDH为因变量,变量赋值表见表2,进行Cox比例风险分析,结果表明,在未调整模型(模型1)中,高CALLY组死亡风险较低CALLY组降低(HR=0.477,95%CI:0.372~0.613,P<0.001)。在调整了性别、年龄、LDH水平、ECOG PS及Ann Arbor分期等混杂因素后(模型2),高CALLY组的生存优势仍然存在(HR=0.633,95%CI:0.477~0.842,P<0.001)。见表3。

2.3 亚组分析

为进一步评估CALLY指数在不同临床亚组中的预后分层能力,分别在IPI、NCCN-IPI、EBV DNA状态、Ki-67不同表达组、以及不同细胞起源患者中进行了分层分析(图3)。结果表明,在IPI中高危组(图3A)和NCCN-IPI中高危组(图3B)、EBV DNA阴性组(图3C)和阳性组(图3D)、Ki-67高表达(≥70%,图3E)和低表达(<70%,图3F)、GCB型患者(图3G)和Non-GCB型患者(图3H)中,高CALLY组的总生存率高于低CALLY组。

2.4 CALLY与IPI/NCCN-IPI联合模型的ROC曲线分析

为进一步评估CALLY指数在传统预后评分模型中的补充价值,采用时间依赖性ROC曲线分析,对比了IPI模型与“IPI+CALLY”联合模型、NCCN-IPI模型与“NCCN-IPI+CALLY”联合模型的预后判别能力。结果显示,单独IPI模型的AUC为0.648,“IPI+CALLY”联合模型的AUC为0.687;NCCN-IPI模型的AUC为0.668,“NCCN-IPI+CALLY”联合模型的AUC为0.707(图4)。CALLY指数可在一定程度上增强传统评分系统对不良结局的预测能力。

3 讨 论

本研究基于多中心回顾性队列的数据,系统评估了CALLY指数在DLBCL患者中的预后价值。结果表明,高CALLY组患者总体生存率显著优于低CALLY组,在调整了关键临床混杂因素后,高CALLY指数仍是DLBCL患者总生存的独立保护因素。此外,分层分析进一步验证了CALLY指数在IPI高危组、NCCN-IPI高危组、EBV DNA阴性/阳性组、Ki-67高/低表达组及GCB/Non-GCB亚组中的良好分层能力,提示其在不同临床背景下均具有稳定的预后价值。CALLY指数作为一种综合反映炎症反应和营养状态的指标,能够简便地评估DLBCL患者的预后风险,有助于临床上进行早期风险分层或可为风险分层提供参考。

CALLY指数综合反映了机体的炎症反应、营养状况及免疫功能。在DLBCL患者中,炎症、免疫抑制及营养不良均被证实与不良预后密切相关[16-18]。研究[19-21]表明,慢性炎症不仅促进肿瘤细胞的存活和增殖,还通过重塑肿瘤微环境、上调免疫抑制分子等机制,促使肿瘤细胞逃避免疫清除,进而加速疾病进展。C反应蛋白作为反映炎症水平的标志物,已被多项研究证实与DLBCL患者的不良预后相关[22-23]。此外,低白蛋白水平常见于进展期或伴有全身消耗症状的患者,这不仅提示营养不良,还可能反映出肿瘤相关的慢性炎症状态,对化疗耐受性及免疫功能均产生不利影响[24-25],而淋巴细胞计数降低则提示宿主抗肿瘤免疫能力减弱,预示着不良的预后,尤其是在接受R-CHOP等免疫化疗方案的患者中。

本研究结果显示,高CALLY组患者不仅总生存率更高,也更可能处于功能良好(ECOG PS≤2)、疾病负担较低(Ann Arbor分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期)的状态。此外,CALLY指数在不同临床亚组中均表现出良好的预后分层能力,尤其在传统评估认为风险较高的人群中(如IPI高危、EBV-DNA阳性患者)。IPI和NCCN-IPI[17]虽然广泛用于评估DLBCL患者的预后风险,但其多基于诊断时的临床参数,难以充分体现患者的系统性生理状态。CALLY指数作为一种基于常规血液指标的量化工具,能够在传统评分基础上进一步细化风险等级,弥补其在炎症和营养状态评估方面的不足。值得注意的是,在Ki-67高表达亚组中,高CALLY组患者仍显示出更佳的生存预后。Ki-67通常被认为是细胞增殖的标志,高表达与肿瘤侵袭性和快速进展相关[26],在这一高增殖风险人群中,患者的全身炎症营养状态可能对生存预后起到关键调节作用。提示,CALLY指数有助于进一步细化风险分层。

本研究基于来自多中心的大样本队列数据,增强了结果的外部有效性和推广性。其次,采用RCS确定了CALLY指数的最优截断值,便于临床应用。此外,本研究不仅通过多变量Cox回归模型控制了关键混杂因素,还进行了亚组分析,系统评估了CALLY指数在不同临床背景下的预后分层能力,验证了其稳健性与广泛适用性。然而,本研究也存在一定局限。首先,研究设计为回顾性,尽管已尽可能控制混杂因素,但仍可能存在选择偏倚和信息偏倚。其次,受多中心回顾性数据采集不完全的限制,关键分子生物学特征(如双打击淋巴瘤、双表达淋巴瘤、TP53突变状态等)在不同中心的记录并不一致,因此难以将其纳入整合分析,也限制了对CALLY指数在不同分子亚型中预后价值的进一步探讨。最后,由于缺乏动态随访数据,本研究尚无法评估CALLY指数在疾病监测和治疗反应预测中的应用潜力,这也为后续多中心、大样本、前瞻性研究提供了方向。

综上所述,CALLY指数作为一种简便易得、可反映炎症、营养及免疫状态的综合指标,在DLBCL患者中展现出良好的预后预测能力,未来有望作为临床风险分层的重要补充工具。

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(82470192)

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