胃癌患者术前血小板分布宽度/血小板计数比值与临床病理特征及预后的关系

吕玲 ,  王珊珊 ,  王新花 ,  刘伟强

河北医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8) : 885 -889.

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河北医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8) : 885 -889. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2026.08.003
肿瘤专栏

胃癌患者术前血小板分布宽度/血小板计数比值与临床病理特征及预后的关系

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Relationship of preoperative platelet distribution width-to-platelet count ratio with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer

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摘要

目的 探讨胃癌患者术前血小板分布宽度(platelet distribution width,PDW) /血小板计数( blood platelet count,PLT)比值对临床病理特征及手术预后的评价价值。 方法 回顾性分析山东省第二人民医院胃肠外科2020年1月—2024年7月收治的胃癌患者134例的临床资料。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线确定术前PDW/PLT的最佳截断值,以最佳截断值为临界值,将患者分入高PDW/PLT组和低PDW/PLT组。比较2组基线资料、肿瘤进展情况及无进展生存期;采用Log-rank单因素法和多因素Cox回归模型分析胃癌进展的影响因素。 结果 高PDW/PLT组和低PDW/PLT组在性别、年龄、体重减轻、糖类抗原199(carbohydrate antigen 199,CA199)、糖类抗原724(carbohydrate antigen 724,CA724)、神经侵犯、血管侵犯、癌胚抗原、肿瘤大小方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但是在肿瘤分化、TNM分期差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高PDW/PLT组、低PDW/PLT组的肿瘤进展率分别为52.1%(25/48)、10.5%(9/86),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高PDW/PLT组的中位无进展生存期为19个月,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Log-rank单因素分析示肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化、TNM分期、神经侵犯、血管侵犯是胃癌进展的危险因素(P<0.05),术前PDW/PLT≤0.091是胃癌进展的保护因素(P<0.05)。Cox多因素回归模型显示TNM分期、肿瘤大小是胃癌进展的危险因素(P<0.05),术前PDW/PLT≤0.091是胃癌进展的保护因素(P<0.05)。 结论 术前PDW/PLT是胃癌患者手术预后的影响因素。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of the preoperative platelet distribution width (PDW)-to-platelet count (PLT) ratio in evaluating clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 134 gastric cancer patients admitted to the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital from January 2020 to July 2024. The optimal cutoff value for the preoperative PDW/PLT ratio was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Based on this cutoff, patients were stratified into high and low PDW/PLT groups. Baseline characteristics, tumor progression, and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis using the Log-rank test and multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model were performed to identify factors influencing gastric cancer progression. Results No significant differences were observed between the high PDW/PLT group and the low PDW/PLT group in terms of gender, age, weight loss, carbohydrate antigen 199, carbohydrate antigen 724, neural invasion, vascular invasion, carcinoembryonic antigen, or tumor size (P>0.05). However, significant differences were identified in tumor differentiation and TNM staging (P<0.05). The tumor progression rates in the high PDW/PLT group and the low PDW/PLT group were 52.1% (25/48) and 10.5% (9/86), respectively, with a significant difference (P<0.05). The median PFS in the high PDW/PLT group was 19 months, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Log-rank univariate analysis showed that tumor size, tumor differentiation, TNM stage, neural invasion, and vascular invasion were risk factors for gastric cancer progression (P<0.05), while preoperative PDW/PLT ≤ 0.091 was a protective factor (P<0.05). Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that TNM stage and tumor size were risk factors for gastric cancer progression (P< 0.05), whereas preoperative PDW/PLT ≤ 0.091 remained a protective factor (P<0.05). Conclusion Preoperative PDW/PLT ≤ 0.091 is a factor affecting the surgical prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Graphical abstract

关键词

胃肿瘤 / 血小板分布宽度 / 血小板计数 / 预后 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2026.08.003

Key words

stomach neoplasms / platelet distribution width / platelet count / prognosis

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吕玲,王珊珊,王新花,刘伟强. 胃癌患者术前血小板分布宽度/血小板计数比值与临床病理特征及预后的关系[J]. 河北医科大学学报, 2026, 47(8): 885-889 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2026.08.003

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胃癌是世界范围内较为常见的恶性肿瘤,国内胃癌发病率和病死率分别为25.41/10万和18.44/10万,分别占全部恶性肿瘤的7.43%和10.11%,严重威胁国民身体健康[1]。胃癌的预后差异较大,早期胃癌5年生存率达85%,进展期胃癌5年生存率不足50%,而晚期胃癌5年生存率不到10%[2-3]。近年来,随着胃癌的治疗更加标准化和个体化,以根治性手术切除结合术后辅助治疗,显著提高了预后生存率。然而,胃癌的复发率、转移率以及病死率仍然很高。因此,寻找新的能够用于评价胃癌患者手术预后的生物标记物具有重要意义。血小板在肿瘤进展、转移期间发挥着重要作用,与结直肠癌、食管癌、乳腺癌等多种肿瘤预后相关[4-7]。活化的血小板能通过脱颗粒作用释放大量促肿瘤生长因子,促进肿瘤细胞增殖,增加侵袭能力[8]。外周血中PDW/PLT是血小板活化指标[5,9-12],是影响结直肠癌、乳腺癌预后的独立危险因素。PDW/PLT指标在胃癌中的研究价值尚未证实,因此,本研究选取我院胃肠外科胃癌患者134例,收集相关临床资料进行回顾性研究,分析患者术前外周血中PDW/PLT比值与胃癌临床特征及预后的关系。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2020年1月—2024年7月于山东省第二人民医院胃肠外科收治的胃癌患者134例进行回顾性分析。纳入标准:确诊为胃腺癌并行D2手术治疗;手术前至少1个月内未发生呼吸道感染、泌尿系感染或者服用特殊药物等对血常规结果有影响的因素;记录术前最后一次血常规检测中的PDW、PLT,计算PDW/PLT;临床资料完整。排除标准:伴有血液系统或其他恶性肿瘤病史;伴有心血管疾病或近期服用抗生素、激素等影响血常规结果的药物;术后病理检查示切缘阳性。

本研究经医院伦理委员会批准,批准文号:(伦审)2025-046-01。所有患者及家属均知情同意,签署知情同意书。

1.2 研究方法

根据受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,胃癌患者术前PDW/PLT比值的最佳截断值为0.091;特异度和敏感度分别为77.00%和73.50%;曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.792;95%CI:0.702~0.882,(P<0.05),见图1。将研究对象分为高PDW/PLT组(n=48,PDW/PLT>0.091)和低PDW/PLT组(n=86,PDW/PLT≤0.091)。比较2组性别、年龄、体重减轻、糖类抗原199(carbohydrate antigen 199,CA199)、糖类抗原724(carbohydrate antigen 724,CA724)、癌胚抗原、神经侵犯、血管侵犯、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化、TNM分期等方面差异有无统计学意义,明确与临床病理特征的相关性;采用Log-rank单因素法和多因素Cox回归模型分析胃癌进展的影响因素。以无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)作为指标,比较2组预后状况。

1.3 统计学方法

应用SPSS 25.0统计软件分析数据。计数资料以例数(%)表示,比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线。采用Log-rank单因素法和多因素Cox回归模型分析影响因素。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结  果

2.1 高PDW/PLT组和低PDW/PLT组的基线资料比较

高PDW/PLT组和低PDW/PLT组在性别、年龄、体重减轻、CA199、CA724、神经侵犯、血管侵犯、癌胚抗原、肿瘤大小方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但是在肿瘤分化、TNM分期差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。

2.2 高PDW/PLT组和低PDW/PLT组胃癌进展率和无进展生存期比较

高PDW/PLT组、低PDW/PLT组的肿瘤进展率分别为52.1%(25/48)、10.5%(9/86),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高PDW/PLT组的中位无进展生存期为19个月,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见图2。

2.3 Log-rank单因素分析胃癌进展的影响因素

以胃癌进展(无=0,有=1)为因变量,以肿瘤大小(<3 cm=0,≥3 cm=1)、肿瘤分化(高、中分化=0,低分化=1)、TNM分期(Ⅰ~Ⅱ期=0,Ⅲ期=1)、神经侵犯(无=0,有=1)、血管侵犯(无=0,有=1)、术前PDW/PLT≤0.091(否=0,是=1)为自变量,结果显示,肿以瘤大小、肿瘤分化、TNM分期、神经侵犯、血管侵犯是胃癌进展的危险因素(P<0.05),术前PDW/PLT≤0.091是胃癌进展的保护因素(P<0.05),见表2。

2.4 Cox回归模型多因素分析胃癌进展的影响因素

以胃癌进展(无=0,有=1)为因变量,以肿瘤大小(<3 cm=0,≥3 cm=1)、TNM分期(Ⅰ~Ⅱ期=0,Ⅲ期=1)、术前PDW/PLT≤0.091(否=0,是=1)为自变量,结果显示,TNM分期、肿瘤大小是胃癌进展的独立危险因素(P<0.05),术前PDW/PLT≤0.091是胃癌进展的独立保护因素(P<0.05),见表3。

3 讨  论

肿瘤的预后主要取决于恶性程度和机体自身炎症反应[13-17]。炎症细胞是肿瘤微环境的关键因素,与淋巴细胞减少、中性粒细胞增多、血小板活化和白细胞增多有关,对组织损伤修复至关重要[18-19]。癌细胞可通过癌细胞驻留平足蛋白介导直接激活血小板,诱导血小板聚集;也可通过血小板依赖性凝血酶生成和蛋白酶激活受体(protease activated receptor,PAR)激活、磷脂酶C(phospholipase C,PLC)激活、钙库耗竭以及小分子三磷酸鸟苷(guanosine triphosphate,GTP)-酶Ras相关蛋白1b(ras-associated protein 1b,Rap1b)信号通路间接触发血小板活化,从而构建血小板黏附和血栓形成的活性表面,促进癌细胞的生长、侵袭和转移。活化的血小板和纤维蛋白原(或纤维蛋白)可以覆盖癌细胞并保护它们免受自然杀伤(natural killer,NK)细胞诱导的细胞免疫。主要机制是血小板与癌细胞上的主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)Ⅰ类分子结合,向NK细胞提供自我信号,抑制其体外杀伤活性[20-22]。此外,血小板介导的NK细胞2D(natural killer group 2 D,NKG2D)配体的脱落也可抑制NK细胞的细胞毒性[23]。血小板也可以α颗粒的形式储存大量转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor-beta,TGF-β),并在癌症进展和转移过程中释放到循环系统和肿瘤微环境中[24]。TGF-β在与癌细胞相互作用时导致NK细胞上NKG2D的下调,从而抑制抗肿瘤免疫[25]。利用TGF-β-garp复合物,血小板可直接抑制T细胞功能,富含TGF-β的血小板释放和乳酸可同时抑制CD4+和CD8+T细胞活性[24],达到免疫逃逸。

血小板是重要的炎症标记物,也是唯一作用于凝血系统和炎症系统的血细胞成分[26]。PDW反映血小板容积大小的离散度,升高时常提示异常血栓形成。PLT在机体出现全身性炎症反应时可出现数量减少。PDW/PLT比值既能反映血小板活化程度,也能提示炎症进展,还可提高单一指标在疾病预测中的准确性。PDW/PLT可能通过以下几个途径参与肿瘤的发生、发展:①血小板参与炎症反应,介导肿瘤血管生成和远处转移。肿瘤细胞通过分泌细胞因子促进血小板成熟。由于更强、更快的反应性,较大的血小板能够分泌更多颗粒状物质来介导炎症反应。此外,血小板可促进多种细胞因子,如血小板衍生的凝集因子,这些细胞因子可促进肿瘤的发生和转移[27]。肿瘤与血小板通过炎症相互联系,相互影响,互为因果。②炎症因子白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6可通过多种信号通路诱导肿瘤的发生和转移,更确切地说,IL-6不仅诱导骨髓巨核细胞和早期原始细胞的分化和增殖,也可以直接作用于巨核细胞上的特异性受体。本研究中AUC为0.792,提示本模型效能较好。进一步分析显示,高PDW/PLT组、低PDW/PLT组的胃癌进展率差异有统计学意义,说明随着PDW/PLT水平逐渐升高,预示着胃癌出现进展的可能性增大,提示预后不良。本研究结果显示,PDW/PLT作为血小板活化的指标,可部分反映机体免疫状态,也可用于监测胃癌进展。

综上所述,术前PDW/PLT可作为评价胃癌预后的一项指标。但存在一些局限性。首先,本研究是单中心回顾性研究,无法避免混杂因素及偏倚。患者术后治疗存在一定异质性,影响临床预后。其次,本研究未达到研究终点。再次,本研究病例数量有限,需要在更大样本中进行验证。因此,未来应延长随访期以提高研究质量,并通过多中心大规模前瞻性临床研究评估术前PDW/PLT与胃癌预后的相关性。

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