水氮耦合对苦豆子养分吸收及生物碱积累的影响

Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on nutrient uptake and alkaloid accumulationin Sophora alopecuroides L.

摘要

明确水氮耦合对苦豆子干物质积累、养分吸收及生物碱合成积累的影响,以期为苦豆子优质高产提供水氮精准管理理论依据。试验采用裂区试验设计,设置2个灌水水平(W1:减量40%,1 080 m³·hm^-2;W2:常规灌水,1 800 m²·hm^-2)与3个施氮水平(N1:不施氮;N2:105 kg·hm^-2;N3:210 kg·hm^-2),系统测定干物质、氮、磷、钾含量及槐果、槐定生物碱相关指标。结果表明:常规灌水+中氮耦合(W2N2)处理产量最高,相比于W2N1处理提升了21.3%;同时也促进了植株全氮和全钾的积累,相比于W2N1处理提升了45.0%和15.9%。常规灌水+中氮耦合(W2N2)处理槐定碱和槐果碱的积累量也高于其他处理,相比于W2N1提高了25.9%和90.6%。减量灌水+高氮耦合(W1N3)处理的槐定碱含量显著高于其他处理(P＜0.05),相比于W1N1处理提升了162.9%。相关性分析显示,苦豆子干草产量、槐定碱含量、全氮含量呈现出极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与全磷含量呈现出显著负相关(P＜0.05),槐果碱含量与全氮呈现出极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与全磷含量呈现出极显著负相关(P＜0.01)。综上,灌水1 800(m³·hm^-2) 并配施氮肥105(kg·hm^-2)可通过水氮协同增效最优地实现苦豆子干物质与生物碱积累的同步提升,同时提升了苦豆子植株全氮和全钾含量和积累量,是本试验条件下的推荐管理模式。

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, and alkaloid biosynthesis in Sophora alopecuroides L.The experiment adopted a split-plot design, with two irrigation levels (W1: 40% reduction, 1 080 m³·hm^-2; W2: conventional irrigation, 1 800 m³·hm^-2) and three nitrogen application levels (N1: no nitrogen; N2: 105 kg·hm^-2; N3: 210 kg·hm^-2). Systematic measurements were carried out for dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, as well as indicators related to sophocarpine and sophoridine alkaloids. Results show that the W2N2 treatment (conventional irrigation+medium nitrogen) achieved the highest yield, increasing by 21.3% compared to W2N1. This treatment also enhanced total nitrogen and potassium accumulation by 45.0% and 15.9%, respectively, over W2N1. Additionally, sophoridine and sophocarpine accumulation under W2N2 increased by 25.9% and 90.6% compared to W2N1. The W1N3 treatment (deficit irrigation+high nitrogen) resulted in significantly higher sophoridine content than other treatments (P<0.05), with a 162.9% increase over W1N1.Correlation analysis indicated that hay yield was significantly and positively correlated with sophoridine content and total nitrogen (P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with total phosphorus (P<0.05). Sophocarpine content shows a highly significant positive correlation with total nitrogen (P<0.01) and a highly significant negative correlation with total phosphorus (P<0.01).In summary, irrigation at 1 800 m³·hm^-2 combined with nitrogen application at 105 kg·hm^-2 achieves optimal simultaneous enhancement of dry matter and alkaloid accumulation in Sophora alopecuroides through water-nitrogen synergistic effects. This approach also increased the total nitrogen and total potassium content and accumulation in the plants, making it the recommended management practice under the experimental conditions.

关键词

水氮耦合 / 苦豆子 / 槐定碱 / 槐果碱

Key words

water-nitrogen coupling / Sophora alopecuroides L. / sophoridine / sophocarpine

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基金资助

新疆生产建设兵团农业关键核心技术攻关项目(2023AA306)