水分管理对干旱区滴灌甜菜耗水特征和产量的影响

Effect of water management on water consumption characteristics and yield of drip-irrigated sugar beet in arid regions

摘要

本研究旨在探讨水分管理对干旱区滴灌甜菜耗水特征、水分利用效率和产量的影响,明确该区高效水分管理模式。以甜菜品种Beta 796和KWS 3410为试验材料,开展以甜菜出苗后第一次灌水时间和生育期灌水量为变量的裂区设计,依据土壤水分下限设置3个出苗后第一次灌水时间,分别为T1(70%FC,FC为田间持水量)、T2(60%FC)和T3(50%FC),3个灌水量处理分别为I1(120%充分灌溉)、I2(100%充分灌溉)和I3(80%充分灌溉),以T2I2处理作为对照,分析灌水时间和灌水量对滴灌甜菜产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,2个甜菜品种生育期的耗水量均表现为T1>T2>T3,I1>I2>I3,其中T3I3处理耗水量较其他处理降低2.25%~20.38%。水分处理对甜菜品种的产量和水分利用效率影响各异,其中Beta 796品种T3处理的产量和水分利用效率分别较T2处理显著增加12.4%和17.19%,灌水量处理均表现为I1>I2>I3;KWS 3410品种T1和T3处理的产量较T2处理显著增加4.84%和2.67%,T3水分利用效率较T2增加6.81%,灌水量处理均表现为I3>I1>I2。熵权TOPSIS综合评价模型结果显示,Beta 796的最优组合处理为T3I3,KWS 3410的最优组合处理为T3I1。因此,适当延迟出苗后第一次灌水时间可以提高滴灌甜菜水分利用效率,对于干旱区作物春季用水矛盾具有一定缓解作用。

Abstract

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of water management on water consumption characteristics, water use efficiency, and yield of drip-irrigated sugar beets in arid regions, and to determine the optimal irrigation management model. This experiment used two sugar beet varieties with different water sensitivity, Beta 796 and KWS 3410, as experimental materials. A two factor randomized block experiment was conducted with the first irrigation time and irrigation amount during the growth period of sugar beet after emergence as variables. Three different first irrigation times were set up based on the lower limits of soil moisture, namely T1 (70% FC, FC is field water holding capacity), T2 (60% FC), and T3 (50% FC). Three irrigation treatments were I1 (120% full irrigation), I2 (100% full irrigation), and I3 (80% full irrigation). With the T2I2 treatment serving as the control, it studied the effects of irrigation time and amount on drip irrigation sugar beet yield and water use efficiency. The results showed that the water consumption during the growth period of both sugar beet varieties is T1>T2>T3, I1>I2>I3, with T3I3 treatment reducing water consumption by 2.25% to 20.38% compared to other treatments. The effects of water treatment on the yield and water use efficiency of sugar beet varieties vary. Among them, the yield and water use efficiency of Beta 796 variety treated with T3 increased significantly by 12.4% and 17.19%, respectively, compared to T2 treatment. Among irrigation amount treatments, the order is I1>I2>I3. The yield of KWS 3410 varieties treated with T1 and T3 increased significantly by 4.84% and 2.67% compared to T2 treatment, and the water use efficiency of T3 increased by 6.81% compared to T2 treatment.Among irrigation treatments, the order is I3>I1>I2. The results of the entropy weight TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model show that the optimal combination treatment for Beta 796 is T3I3, and the optimal combination treatment for KWS 3410 is T3I1. Therefore, delaying the irrigation time appropriately can improve the water use efficiency of drip irrigated sugar beets, which has a certain alleviating effect on the spring water shortage of crops in arid areas.

关键词

甜菜 / 灌水时间 / 灌水量 / 产量 / 水分利用效率

Key words

sugar beet / irrigation time / irrigation amount / yield / water use efficiency

[1] 常晓,张云龙,徐翎清,等.不同氮素形态配比对甜菜氮同化关键酶的影响[J].作物杂志,2025(1):235-242.
Chang Xiao,Zhang Yunlong,Xu Lingqing,et al.Effects of different nitrogen form ratio on key enzymes of nitrogen assimilation in sugar beet[J].Crops,2025(1):235-242.
[2] 周红亮,张丽娟,刘宁宁,等.调亏灌溉下氮肥管理对滴灌甜菜产量及水氮利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(6):159-166.
Zhou Hongliang, Zhang Lijuan, Liu Ningning, et al. Effect of nitrogen management on yield and water and nitrogen utilization of sugar beet under regulated deficit irrigation[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2020, 38(6): 159-166.
[3] 柳斌辉,王变银,陈朝阳,等.春一水灌溉时间对冬小麦产量和生长特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021,40(S2):122-128.
Liu Binhui, Wang Bianyin, Chen Chaoyang, et al. Effect of irriogation time in spring on yield and growth characteristics of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2021, 40 (S2): 122-128.
[4] 张佳丽,路希,李建明.灌溉量与有机营养液配方耦合对设施番茄产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2025,36(5):1431-1439.
Zhang Jiali, Lu Xi, Li Jianming. Influence of coupling irrigation volume and organic nutrient solution formula on yield, quality, and water utilization efficiency of greenhouse tomatoes[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2025,36(5):1431-1439.
[5] 王振华,杨彬林,谢香文,等.灌溉制度对膜下滴灌甜菜产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(8):158-166.
Wang Zhenhua, Yang Binlin, Xie Xiangwen, et al. Effects of different irrigation regimes of drip irrigation under plastic film on sugar beet yield and water use efficiency[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 2019, 35(8): 158-166.
[6] Topak R, Süheri S, Acar B. Effect of different drip irrigation regimes on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield, quality and water use efficiency in Middle Anatolian, Turkey[J]. Irrigation Science, 2011, 29(1): 79-89.
[7] Fabeiro C, Martín de Santa Olalla F, López R, et al. Production and quality of the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivated under controlled deficit irrigation conditions in a semi-arid climate[J].Agricultural Water Management, 2003, 62(3): 215-227.
[8] 樊福义,苏文斌,宫前恒,等.高寒干旱区膜下滴灌对甜菜产质量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国糖料,2015,37(6):18-20.
Fan Fuyi, Su Wenbin, Gong Qianheng, et al. Effect of drip irrigation under film mulching on yield, sugar content and water use efficiency of sugarbeet in cold arid area[J]. Sugar Crops China, 2015, 37(6): 18-20.
[9] 张吉立,冀金凤,王宁,等.补灌与施肥对甜菜干物质积累、产糖量及养分吸收的影响[J].土壤,2023,55(2):441-445.
Zhang Jili, Ji Jinfeng, Wang Ning, et al.Effects of supplemental irrigation and fertilization on dry matter accumulation, sugar production and nutrient uptake in Beta Vulgaris L.[J].Soils,2023,55(2):441-445.
[10] 贺碧微,刘珣,艾依肯,等.新疆部分甜菜糖业公司原料生产技术需求情况的调研报告[J].中国糖料,2017,39(3):33-34,39.
He Biwei, Liu Xun, Ai Yiken, et al. Investigation report on technology demand of raw materials production of partial beet sugar companies in Xinjiang[J]. Sugar Crops China, 2017, 39(3): 33-34,39.
[11] 陈润仪,贺泽霖,贾也纯,等.干旱胁迫对甜菜生长的影响及甜菜抗旱育种研究进展[J].中国糖料,2021,43(3):54-60.
Chen Runyi, He Zelin, Jia Yechun, et al. Effect of drought stress on sugar beet growth and progress of breeding for drought tolerance[J]. Sugar Crops China, 2021, 43(3): 54-60.
[12] 牛海生,王赓起,孟新伟,等.塔额垦区引进甜菜品种适应性及产质量评价[J].中国糖料,2018,40(4):32-33,35.
Niu Haisheng, Wang Gengqi, Meng Xinwei,et al.Evaluation of adaptability,yield and quality of introduced sugarbeet varieties in tarcheng prefecture[J].Sugar Crops China,2018,40(4):32-33,35.
[13] Marković M,Kočar M M,Barač Ž,et al.Field performance evaluation of low-cost soil moisture sensors in irrigated orchard.[J]. Agriculture,2024,14(8):1239.
[14] Varble J L,Chávez J L.Performance evaluation and calibration of soil water content and potential sensors for agricultural soils in eastern Colorado[J].Agricultural Water Management,2011,101(1): 93-106.
[15] 董心久,甜菜节本稳产机械化栽培技术规程.新疆维吾尔自治区[S].新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,2020-11-25.
[16] Pradhan S, Sehgal V K, Das D K, et al. Effect of weather on seed yield and radiation and water use efficiency of mustard cultivars in a semi-arid environment[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2014, 139: 43-52.
[17] 彭霄,蒲甜,杨峰,等.灌水时间和灌水比例对单套作玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2019,52(21):3763-3772.
Peng Xiao, Pu Tian, Yang Feng,et al. Effects of irrigation time and ratio on yield and water use efficiency of maize under monoculture and intercropping[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 52(21): 3763-3772.
[18] Zhou H L ,Wang L,Xu P J,et al. Increasing nitrogen supply during limited irrigation improves drip-irrigated sugar beet growth, yield,and net return in arid areas[J].Field Crops Research,2024,319:109646.
[19] 刘志良,李晓爽,曹彩云,等.春灌一水时间对冬小麦灌浆特性和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报(中英文),2021,29(8):1296-1304.
Liu Zhiliang, Li Xiaoshuang, Cao Caiyun, et al. Effects of time of spring one irrigation on the grain filling characteristics and water use efficiency of winter wheat[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(8): 1296-1304.
[20] 党建友,裴雪霞,王姣爱,等.灌水时间对冬小麦生长发育及水肥利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2745-2750.
Dang Jianyou, Pei Xuexia, Wang Jiaoai, et al. Effects of irrigation time on the growth and water-and fertilizer use efficiencies of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2012, 23(10): 2745-2750.
[21] 赵经华,袁如芯,王金茂,等.不同灌水处理对春玉米土壤水分、耗水特征及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2024,43(5):1-7,15.
Zhao Jinghua, Yuan Ruxin, Wang Jinmao, et al. Developing optimal drip irrigation schedule for alfalfa production in desert using the HYDRUS-1D model[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2024, 43(5): 1-7,15.
[22] Yan F L, Liu X Q, Bai W Q, et al. Multi-objective optimization of water and nitrogen regimes for drip-fertigated sugar beet in a desert climate[J]. Field Crops Research, 2022, 288:108703.
[23] Chen Q, Chang L, Han F X, et al. Straw strip mulching boosts potato yields by enhancing soil moisture and water use efficiency[J].Frontiers in Plant Science, 2025,16:1659236.
[24] 王子骞.调亏灌溉对新疆滴灌冬小麦生长发育及其产量的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2025.

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32360534)