杏树间作薄荷/紫苏对小气候、产量及经济效益的影响

Effects of intercropping mint/perilla on microclimate, yield and economic benefits of apricot trees

摘要

本研究以杏树薄荷、杏树紫苏系统为研究对象,通过田间试验探究其对小气候、作物生长、产量及经济效益的影响,为新疆地区杏药复合种植模式的推广提供理论依据。结果表明,与单作相比,间作下空气温度降低3.90%~8.90%,空气相对湿度提高10.14%~15.13%,平均风速降低42.68%~56.10%。间作显著促进了薄荷与紫苏的株高、茎粗及相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)的增长,但叶面积有所减小。杏树产量在单作与间作模式下无显著差异,而间作模式下薄荷与紫苏的产量显著下降。2种间作系统的土地当量比(LER)均大于1,表明其土地综合利用率优于单作,其中杏树紫苏模式表现出更高的经济效益。综上,杏树薄荷、杏树紫苏模式是兼顾生态调节与经济效益的种植模式,杏树紫苏模式更适合在新疆地区杏园推广应用。

Abstract

In this study, the apricot-mint and apricot-perilla intercropping system was used as the research object, and their effects on microclimate, crop growth, yield and economic benefits were explored through field experiments, which provided a theoretical basis for the promotion of apricot-medicinal compound planting mode in Xinjiang. The results show that compared with monoculture, intercropping temperature by 3.90%~8.90%, relative air humidity by 10.14%~15.13%, and average wind speed by 42.68%~56.10%. Intercropping significantly promots the growth of plant height, stem diameter and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of mint and perilla, but reduces their leaf area. There is no significant difference in apricot yield between monoculture and intercropping patterns, while the yield of mint and perilla decreases significantly in intercropping patterns. The land equivalent ratio (LER) of the two intercropping systems is greater than 1, indicating that the comprehensive land use efficiency is better than that of monoculture, and the apricot-perilla model shows higher economic benefits. In summary, both the apricot mint and apricot-perilla models are planting models that balance ecological regulation and economic benefits. The apricot-perilla model is more suitable for promotion and application in apricot orchards in Xinjiang.

关键词

杏药间作 / 田间小气候 / 农艺性状 / 产量 / 经济效益

Key words

apricot medicine intercropping / field microclimate / agronomic traits / production / economic benefit

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32260723)