基于染色体片段代换系的玉米百粒重QTL定位

Identification of QTL for hundred-kernel weight based on the chromosomal segment substitution lines in maize

摘要

玉米百粒重是一个复杂的数量性状,受多个微效基因调控。截至目前,影响玉米百粒重的数量性状位点(quantitative trait loci, QTL)已有报道,然而,玉米百粒重的遗传基础依然不清楚。本研究以大粒地方品种‘白马牙'为供体亲本,以小粒玉米自交系B73为轮回亲本,构建了一个包含318个家系的染色体片段代换系(chromosomal segment substitution lines, CSSLs)群体。为了鉴定该群体的百粒重遗传变异特性,在2个环境进行了百粒重鉴定与统计分析,结果表明,该性状存在较为广泛的遗传变异,且在不同环境中相对稳定,遗传力为84.86%。利用10 K玉米单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)芯片对该群体进行基因型鉴定,结合其2个环境百粒重表型、最佳线性无偏预测值(best linear unbiased prediction, BLUP)数据进行玉米百粒重QTL定位,共检测到4个与玉米百粒重有关QTL位点,分别位于3、4和5号染色体,对数优势值(logarithm of odds, LOD)值范围为2.59~3.11,表型变异贡献率(phenotypic variation explained, PVE)范围为0.64%~4.93%,加性效应(additive effects, ADD)范围为0.42~1.59。其中qHKW3.04和qHKW4.05在谷城和BLUP中被共同检测到,qHKW3.04位于3号染色体上,区间为3_13471669~3_19266199,平均LOD值为2.65,平均PVE为4.08%,平均ADD为0.58;qHKW4.05位于4号染色体上,区间为4_82802932~4_82919355,平均LOD值为2.93,平均PVE为4.50%,平均ADD为0.60。对效应值较大且候选区间较小的qHKW4.05进行候选基因筛选,结果显示,该区间共包含3个候选基因,其中Zm00001d050400编码了R2R3-MYB转录因子家族蛋白MYB28,且其同源基因被报道参与玉米籽粒中淀粉合成来影响玉米籽粒大小,因此将该基因作为qHKW4.05关键候选基因。此外,2个主效QTL(qHKW3.04和qHKW4.05)优异等位基因的聚合显著提高了玉米的百粒重0.72 g。本研究可为分子标记辅助选择育种提供有效遗传位点,为精细定位和克隆百粒重相关基因提供参考。

Abstract

Hundred-kernel weight (HKW) of maize is a complex quantitative trait regulated by multiple minor-effect genes. To date, although quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with HKW in maize have been reported, while the genetic basis of HKW of maize is still unclear. Based on this, a population of 318 chromosomal segment substitution lines (CSSLs) was developed, with the large-kernel londrace Baimaya as the donor parent and the small-kernel inbred line B73 as the recurrent parent. In order to identify the genetic variation characteristics of HKW in the population, HKW identification and statistical analysis were carried out in two environments. The results show that this trait exhibits a wide genetic variation, and it is relatively stable in different environments, with a heritability of 84.86%. At the same time, the genotype of this population was identified using 10 K maize single nudeotide polymorphism (SNP) array. To identify the QTL related to HKW, the phenotype data of the two environments, best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) data of the two environments, and the genotype were combined. As a result, a total of four QTLs related to HKW were detected, located on chromosomes 3, 4 and 5, respectively, with logarithm of odds (LOD) scores ranging from 2.59 to 3.11, phenotypic variation explained (PVE) values ranging from 0.64% to 4.93%, and additive effects (ADD) ranging from 0.42 to 1.59. Among them, qHKW3.04 and qHKW4.05 were detected simultaneously in Gucheng and BLUP. qHKW3.04 is located on chromosome 3, with the interval ranging from 3_13471669 to 3_19266199, and the average LOD value is 2.65, the average PVE is 4.08%, and the average ADD is 0.58. qHKW4.05 is located on chromosome 4, with the interval ranging from 4_82802932 to 4_82919355, and the average LOD value is 2.93, the average PVE is 4.50%, and the average ADD is 0.60. Then, candidate gene sceening was conducted for qHKW4.05 with large effect value and small candidate interval. The results show that this interval contained three candidate genes, among which, Zm00001d050400 encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor family protein MYB28, and its homologous gene has been reported to affect the size of maize kernels by participating in the starch synthesis process during grain development. Therefore, this gene is regarded as the key candidate gene for qHKW4.05. In addition, the polymerization of the favorable alleles of the two major QTLs (qHKW3.04 and qHKW4.05) significantly increased the HKW of maize by 0.72 g. This study can provide an effective genetic locus for molecular marker-assisted selection breeding, and offers a reference for fine mapping and cloning of HKW-related genes.

关键词

玉米 / 染色体片段代换系 / 百粒重 / QTL

Key words

maize / chromosomal segment substitution lines / hundred-kernel weight / QTL

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32160475)