宅基地制度改革的农民增收效应研究
Study on the effect of the reform of the homestead system on farmers' income growth
依托2013-2019年中国县级统计数据,构建宅基地制度改革试点的准自然实验,并运用多时期差分法来评估改革试点对农民增收的政策影响,同时采用中介效应模型探究其作用机制。结果显示,宅基地制度改革试点显著提高了当地农民的人均可支配收入。进一步的分析揭示,宅基地制度改革试点促进了信贷水平的提升和第二三产业的发展,从而有助于农民增收。此外,宅基地制度改革试点在中西部地区对农民收入的增长效应超过了东部地区,并且在农业机械化水平较低的地区对农民收入的提升作用更为显著。基于以上发现,建议在宅基地制度的后续改革中,继续拓宽宅基地使用权流转的多元化渠道,简化农民以宅基地使用权为抵押向金融机构申请贷款的程序,并制定符合地方实际情况的宅基地制度改革政策,特别是聚焦于中西部地区的发展。
Based on the 2013—2019 Chinese county-level statistics, a quasi-natural experiment is constructed with a pilot of homestead reform, and a multi-period DID model is used to study the policy effect of the pilot of homestead reform on farmers' income increase, and the mediating effect model is used to analyze the mechanism of action. The results show that the homestead reform pilot can significantly increase the per capita disposable income of local farmers. Further analysis reveals that the homestead reform pilot program contributes to farmers' income increase by increasing the level of credit and promoting the development of the secondary and tertiary industries. In addition, the homestead reform pilot has a stronger income-generating effect on farmers in the central and western regions than in the eastern regions, and also has a stronger income-boosting effect on farmers in regions with lower levels of agricultural machinery. Accordingly, it is recommended that the subsequent reform of the residence base system continue to promote diversified channels through which home base user rights are transferred, the process for farmers to apply for loans from financial institutions using the right to use their homesteads as collateral be simplified, and reform policies for the homestead system that are consistent with local realities, especially focusing on the development of the central and western regions be foumulated.
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教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“空间非均衡性视域下城乡融合高质量发展的动力机制及路径研究”(21YJA790040)
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