Accelerating the improvement of land system is the internal requirement of optimizing the allocation of agricultural land elements and promoting the development of agricultural new quality productivity in China. Based on the sample pool data of 65 major countries in the world, this paper analyzes the effects of the three-right separation on increasing production and income by SCM method. Results show that the net effect of three-right separation on per mu grain yield and agricultural value-added is 5.4% and 12.1%, significantly improving agricultural yield and income-earning capacity. Further analysis found that the "separation of three rights" system has a higher effect on increasing production and income by 5.9% and 7.7% compared to private ownership countries, and 8.4% and 32.3% compared to public ownership countries, demonstrating the superiority of three-right separation system. The provinces of China were regarded as experimental samples, and the robustness of the results was verified using the DID method. Finally,it suggested to appropriately regulate the agricultural land market, eliminate various factors that may cause market failure in the agricultural land management rights market, and fully ensure the effectiveness of market-based allocation of agricultural land, giving better play to the superiority of the agricultural land system.
在分析中国“三权分置”制度对农业生产绩效的影响效果时,评估方法的选择至关重要。主流的政策效果评估方法主要有双重差分法、倾向匹配法。双重差分法和倾向匹配法是对每一个实验组个体选择一个控制组个体构成反事实样本池来评估具有相似特征的个体对政策的反应效果[35⁃36]。双重差分法评估有效性的前提在于所选取的对照组的不可观测特征不能随时间变化,倾向匹配法则要求处在共同支撑域上的个体找到合适的对照组。由于本文所分析的“三权分置”制度的农业生产绩效中,实验组只有中国一个样本,因此无法采用双重差分法和倾向匹配法。合成控制法是通过对多个参照组对象进行加权的方式构造出一个与处理组近似的参照对象,克服了前两种评估方法的局限。合成控制法还体现出数据驱动而非主观选择的特点,较好避免制度内生性问题,能更客观全面地进行拟合。合成控制法所体现出的“质身量骨”优点还能够弥合定量与定性研究之争,满足本文从国际视野审视中国“三权分置”制度效果的实际需要。为此,本文采用Abadie[37]提出的合成控制法(Synthetic Control Methods,SCM)来评估中国“三权分置”制度改革的实施效果。
本文使用的数据来自世界银行数据库(World Bank Open Data)。世界银行数据库囊括了世界200多个国家和地区政治、经济、社会等多个维度的宏观数据信息,数据质量高且权威性强,能为本文研究提供有力支撑。基于分析需要,本文对数据做了如下处理:(1)剔除样本信息不完整的国家和地区;(2)采用插值法补齐所选取样本数据中缺失的部分。最终数据是包括中国在内66个国家,2004-2019年的面板数据。
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