大面积提高粮食单产:理论逻辑、现实制约与实现路径
Large-scale increase of grain yield per unit area: theoretical logic, realistic constraint and realization path
全方位夯实粮食安全根基,意味着要在更高层次、更高质量层面保障粮食安全。在粮食种植面积处于历史高位水平的时代背景下,需要高度重视大面积提升粮食单产在提升粮食产能和保障国家粮食安全中的关键作用,并加强这一领域的相关研究。政策层面提出大面积提高粮食单产主要包括安全逻辑、经济逻辑和科技逻辑三个层面,即安全层面有需求,经济层面有价值,科技层面可实现。当前制约大面积提升粮食单产的重要因素包括耕地质量等级偏低和退化问题严峻、良种开发和普及有待提升、促进粮食单产的技术支撑仍显不足、先进农机需加大推广力度、激励粮食增产的政策体系五个方面。大面积提高粮食单产是提升粮食产能的关键所在,鉴于现实中存在的制约因素,要充分激发“良田、良种、良法、良机、良制”在提升粮食单产中的积极作用,通过“五良”结合来实现粮食单产的大幅提升,助力新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动目标的实现。
To comprehensively consolidate the foundation of food security means ensuring food security at a higher level and with higher quality. In the era when the grain planting area is at a historically high level, it is necessary to attach great importance to the grain yield per unit area in improving grain production capacity and ensuring national food security, and to strengthen the relevant research in this field. At the policy level, there is a theoretical logic to increase grain yield in a large area, mainly including security logic, economic logic and scientific logic, which means there is demand at the security level, value at the economic level, and realiablity at the scientific and technological level. The important restricting factors are multi-dimensional including five aspects: low-quality and degraded cultivated land, poor development and popularization of high-qulity seeds, insufficient technical support, less promotion of advanced agricultural machinery, and the weak policy system to encourage grain yield increase. In view of the constraints existing in reality, it is necessary to fully stimulate the positive role of "good farmlands, good seeds, good methods, good machinery and good system" to realize the substantial increase of grain yield per unit area through the combination of "five good", thus achieving a new round of 100 billion tons of grain production capacity.
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国家自然科学基金“农业社会化服务对化学农资减量施用的影响:理论机制、效应识别与政策优化”(72273061)
全国粮食和物资储备青年拔尖人才服务行业需求自主选题项目“消费环节粮食浪费的状况、成因和对策研究”(QN2024908)
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