农业社会化服务对城乡收入差距的影响研究
Imact of socialized agricultural services on the urban-rural income gap
农业社会化服务能够将小农户与现代农业有效衔接起来,是缩小城乡收入差距、实现共同富裕的有效路径。在理论分析的基础上,选取全国31个省(直辖市、自治区)2010-2022年的面板数据作为研究样本,运用双向固定效应模型等方法,实证分析农业社会化服务对城乡收入差距的影响效应,并探究其中的作用机制以及异质性影响。研究发现:农业社会化服务能够缩小城乡收入差距,经过一系列稳健性检验后,回归结果仍然显著。农业社会化服务主要通过提高农村居民的非农收入和助力农业增收来缩小城乡收入差距;地区异质性分析表明,中西部地区农业社会化服务对城乡收入差距的缩小作用优于东部地区。此外,农业社会化服务对城乡收入差距存在基于人力资本、城镇化水平的单一门槛效应。基于此,为缩小城乡收入差距,实现全民共同富裕,政府应进一步加快推进农业社会化服务发展,尤其是提高中西部地区农业社会化服务的发展水平,加强农村劳动力技能培训,提升其人力资本水平,逐步缩小城乡收入差距。
Agricultural socialized services can effectively bridge the gap between small-scale farmers and modern agriculture, serving as a pathway to narrow the urban-rural income disparity and achieve common prosperity. Based on theoretical analysis, this study utilizes panel data from 31 provinces and municipalities across China from 2010 to 2022 as its research sample. Employing methods such as the two-way fixed effect model, it empirically analyzes the impact of agricultural socialized services on the urban-rural income gap, while also exploring their underlying mechanisms and heterogeneous effects. The findings reveal that agricultural socialized services significantly reduce the urban-rural income disparity, with regression results remaining robust after a series of rigorous tests. These services primarily narrow the gap by increasing rural residents' non-agricultural income and boosting agricultural earnings. Regional heterogeneity analysis indicates that the income-narrowing effect of agricultural socialized services is more pronounced in central and western regions than in eastern areas. Furthermore, the study identifies single-threshold effects based on human capital and urbanization levels in the relationship between agricultural socialized services and the income gap. To address urban-rural income inequality and achieve common prosperity, the government should intensify efforts to promote the development of agricultural socialized services, particularly by enhancing service quality in central and western regions. This should be accompanied by strengthening skills training for rural laborers to improve their human capital levels, thereby progressively narrowing the urban-rural income gap.
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财政部和农业农村部:国家现代化农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS⁃10⁃GW25)
2024年度江苏省社科应用研究促进机制研究(24SYC⁃110)
江苏省决策咨询研究基地课题“基于共同富裕的农村综合性改革试点试验研究”(24SSL068)
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