Using A-share listed companies in Shenzhen and Shanghai stock markets from 2013 to 2020 as research samples, this article incorporates environmental uncertainty, internal control, and corporate innovation performance into the same research framework. Through empirical analysis, it investigates the interaction mechanisms among environmental uncertainty, internal control, and innovation performance. This article reveals that environmental uncertainty has a “risk-oriented” impact on corporate innovation performance, leading to a negative influence. On the other hand, internal control itself has a positive impact on innovation performance, playing a positive regulating role in the relationship between environmental uncertainty and corporate innovation performance. Further analysis indicates that internal supervision among the five elements of internal control is a key factor, significantly positively regulating the negative relationship of the main effect, while information and communication play a secondary role, exerting a certain weakening effect.
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