赫美玲《英汉官话词典和翻译手册》术语收录研究
Study into the Inclusion of Technical Terms in English⁃Chinese Dictionary of the Standard Chinese Spoken Language and Handbook for Translators
赫美玲编著的《英汉官话词典和翻译手册》(1916)是英汉双语词典编纂史上的重要成果, 然而学界对其研究尚显不足。本文聚焦该词典的术语收录情况, 通过选词分析、 译名考察, 并与同时期颜惠庆《英华大辞典》(1908)及狄考文《术语词汇》(1910)进行对比, 探讨其术语收录特点与价值。研究发现: 该词典术语学科分布广泛, 涵盖自然科学与人文学科共51个领域, 化学、 医学、 数学等学科收词尤为可观; 注重收录常用术语及新词, 译名精准简练, 且呈现显著的归类式翻译特征, 如以“~精” “~类” “~宿”等类词缀系统翻译同类术语; 多学科标签标注较为完善, 便于翻译人员全面把握术语含义。该词典收录部定术语16 000余条, 在收词规模、 译名权威性及系统性方面均超越前人, 对研究中西方术语汇通、 术语译名演变与传播具有重要意义。
English⁃Chinese Dictionary of the Standard Chinese Spoken Language and Handbook for Translators (1916), compiled by Karl Ernst Georg Hemeling, represents a significant yet understudied achievement in the history of English-Chinese bilingual lexicography. This paper examines the dictionary’s inclusion of technical terms through selective analysis and translation evaluation, and compares it with contemporaneous works including Yan Huiqing’s An English and Chinese Standard Dictionary (1908) and Calvin Wilson Mateer’s Technical Terms, English and Chinese (1910). The study reveals that the dictionary covers an extensive range of 51 disciplines spanning both natural and human sciences, with particularly substantial collections in chemistry, medicine, and mathematics. It emphasizes commonly used terms and neologisms, featuring precise and concise translations with notable pattern-based translation strategies—systematically employing quasi-affixes such as “~精” (essence), “~类” (category), and “~宿” (constellation) for categorically related terms. Its comprehensive multi-disciplinary labeling facilitates translators’ full comprehension of polysemous terms. With over 16 000 officially sanctioned terms incorporated, the dictionary surpasses its predecessors in scale, authoritative translation, and systematic organization, offering considerable significance for studying Chinese and Western terminological convergence as well as the evolution and dissemination of technical term translations.
| [1] |
刘善涛, 王晓. 汉外语文辞书编纂四百年(1575-1950)[J]. 国际汉学, 2018(1): 102-108. |
| [2] |
元青. 晚清汉英、 英汉双语词典编纂出版的兴起与发展[J]. 近代史研究, 2013(1): 94-106. |
| [3] |
雍和明, 罗振跃, 张相明. 中国辞典史论[M]. 北京: 中华书局, 2006. |
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
沈国威. 近代中日词汇交流研究: 汉字新词的创制、 容受与共享[M]. 北京: 中华书局, 2010. |
| [6] |
颜惠庆. 英华大辞典[Z]. 上海: 商务印书馆, 1908. |
| [7] |
Mateer C. W. Technical Terms, English and Chinese [Z]. Shanghai: The Methodist Publishing House, 1910. |
| [8] |
梅晓娟, 周晓光. 晚清在华传教士与英汉科技词典编纂[J]. 辞书研究, 2007(4): 131-141. |
| [9] |
郝明义. 从1799年11月9日谈起[C]//网络与书编辑部.词典的两个世界. 北京: 现代出版社, 2005. |
| [10] |
韩笑, 蔡琦玲. 赫美玲《南京官话》《英汉国语词典》研究[C]//王澧华, 吴颖, 编. 近代海关洋员汉语教材研究. 桂林: 广西师范大学出版社, 2016. |
| [11] |
仇志群. 从早期外汉词典看现代汉语词汇的发展[J]. 中国语文, 1996(6): 422-427. |
| [12] |
胡开宝. 论英汉词典历史文本对汉语现代化进程的影响[J]. 外语与外语教学, 2005(3): 57-60. |
| [13] |
韩一瑾. English-Chinese Dictionary, 1916(官话)中的“新词”(Modern Terms)[J]. 东アジア文化交渉研究, 2012(1): 62-70. |
| [14] |
高永伟. 赫美玲《英汉官话词典和翻译手册》谱系研究[J]. 国际汉学, 2022(2): 153-162. |
| [15] |
韩一瑾. 现代汉语形成期的造词语素: 以消亡的“新词”和“术语”为中心[J]. 东アジア文化交渉研究, 2013 (6): 103-112. |
| [16] |
司佳. 早期英汉词典所见之语言接触现象[J]. 复旦学报(社会科学版), 2000, 42(3): 60-67. |
| [17] |
千叶谦悟. 近代中日词汇交流个例研究: “奇迹”词义的演变[J]. 日语学习与研究, 2012(4): 12-20. |
上海海关学院2025年校级课程思政建设项目: 海关学术英语Ⅲ/Ⅳ
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |