旅游用地格局演变及驱动因素分析——以海南岛为例

Tourism Land Use Pattern Evolution and Factors: Taking Hainan Island as A Case

摘要

产业转型背景下旅游用地的空间重构效应日益显著。以海南岛为研究区域，将旅游用地分为自然景观旅游用地、人文景点旅游用地、旅游服务设施用地、生态与农业旅游用地4种类型，通过1990年、2000年、2010年和2022年Landsat遥感影像、社会经济统计资料及其他数据，运用ArcGIS、ENVI、FRAGSTATS、SPSS等软件和Logistic回归模型，利用核密度、景观格局指数等方法，分析海南岛旅游用地时空演变特征，探究海南岛旅游用地格局演变及驱动因素。研究发现：1）旅游用地1990—2022年呈“高速扩张—增速放缓—提质增效”三阶段特征；2）自然景观旅游用地长期主导，但呈现从“资源依赖”向“服务驱动”转型的发展趋势；3）旅游用地格局经历了“沿海集中—内陆渗透—多核集聚（海口、三亚双核、东部县市、中部生态核）”的演变；4）旅游用地具有“局部破碎化、整体聚集”的空间分布特征；5）旅游用地格局演变受政策因素的重要导向作用，以及经济、人口、交通、旅游和地形等多方面因素的综合影响，其中交通因素、第三产业占比、人口和坡度因子尤为关键。据此提出以下优化建议：完善政策法规，加强动态监测与管理；构建“双核引领—多极协同”发展格局；推动“文化旅游+”复合业态融合；重视生态保护、修复与可持续发展。

Abstract

Spatial reconstruction effects of tourism land use are increasingly emerging under industrial transformation. This paper, based on a case study on Hainan island, divides its tourism land use into four categories, natural resorts tourism land use, historical resorts tourism land use, tourism servicing facilities land use and ecological & agricultural tourism land use, uses 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2022 Landsat remote sensing data, economy information and other data, and applies ArcGIS, ENVI, FRAGSTATS, SPSS tools and Logistic Regression model to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of Hainan's tourism land use and its factors via kernel density and scenic pattern index. During 1990 to 2022, Hainan's tourism land use had undergone “fast-expanding to slow expanding to rising quality & effectiveness” stages, natural resorts tourism land use has long been the major one with a shift from “resource-reliance” to “service-driven”. Its tourism land use pattern had experienced an evolution of “coastal-centralizing to inland infiltration to multiple core clustering (Haikou-Sanya dual core, eastern cities/counties and central ecological core)”. Its tourism land use is characterized by “local fragmenting & whole centralizing” in spatial distribution. Hainan's tourism land use pattern's evolution is mostly influenced by policies, and comprehensively by economy, population, transportation, tourism and terrain as well, of which transportation, proportion of the third industry, population and slope serve as key factors. This paper presents suggestions on improving policies and laws to enhance dynamic monitoring, on constructing a “dual core leading to multiple pole cooperating” pattern, on conducting “cultural tourism+compound integration”, and on focusing on ecological protection, restoration and sustainable development.

关键词

海南岛 / 旅游用地 / Logistic模型 / 格局演变 / 驱动因素

Key words

Hainan Island / tourism land use / Logistic model / pattern evolution / factors

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41961041)

海南省自然科学基金重点项目(ZDYF2016148)

惠州学院教授博士启动项目(2022JB709)

惠州学院校级重点建设学科项目(2023XJZDXK18)