农业数字化转型对新型农村集体经济发展的影响研究

Impacts of Agricultural Digital Transformation on the Development of the New Rural Collective Economy

摘要

新型农村集体经济是乡村振兴的制度根基与共富引擎。论文聚焦农业数字化转型对新型农村集体经济发展的赋能机制，旨在激活农村集体经济内生动力，为数字经济驱动乡村振兴提供理论依据与实践路径。首先，基于2011—2022年全国30个省份的面板数据，采用熵值法构建农业数字化转型指数；然后，以新型农村集体经济为被解释变量，建立省份-时间双重固定效应模型，并通过内生性处理和稳健性检验确保研究结果的可靠性；最后，运用中介效应模型检验作用机制，并结合异质性分析考察区域差异。研究发现：1）农业数字化转型对新型农村集体经济发展具有显著且稳健的促进作用，其作用主要通过推动农业规模化经营和激发创业活力两条路径实现；2）区域异质性分析表明，数字化的促进作用在东部地区和非粮食主产区显著，而在中西部地区和粮食主产区则不显著。为有效发挥农业数字化转型对新型农村集体经济的赋能作用，论文提出如下建议：1）强化数字基础设施建设与政府政策支持的协同，重点构建创业扶持体系；2）针对不同区域差异化实施精准策略，深化西部地区数字技术应用，对中西部及粮食主产区需结合额外政策干预弥补“数字鸿沟”；3）优化金融支持与产业结构的适配性，推动数据要素深度融入集体经济发展。

Abstract

The new rural collective economy is the institutional foundation and a key engine for common prosperity in rural revitalization. This paper focuses on the empowering mechanisms through which agricultural digital transformation promotes its development, aiming to activate endogenous momentum in the collective economy and provide theoretical support and practical pathways for digital-economy-driven rural revitalization. Using panel data from 30 provinces in China during 2011-2022, the study constructs an agricultural digital transformation index via the entropy method. It then sets the new rural collective economy as the explained variable and establishes a province-time two-way fixed-effects model, with endogeneity treatment and robustness checks to ensure reliability. Finally, a mediation-effect model is used to test mechanisms, and heterogeneity analysis is conducted to examine regional differences. The findings show that: 1) agricultural digital transformation has a significant and robust positive effect on the development of the new rural collective economy, mainly through promoting scaled agricultural operations and stimulating entrepreneurial vitality; and 2) the promoting effect is significant in eastern regions and non-major grain-producing areas, but not significant in central and western regions or major grain-producing areas. Accordingly, the following recommendations are proposed to better leverage agricultural digital transformation: 1) strengthen the synergy between digital infrastructure development and government policy support, with a focus on building an entrepreneurship support system; 2) implement targeted strategies based on regional differences by deepening digital technology application in western regions, while adopting additional policy interventions in central/western and major grain-producing areas to bridge the “digital divide”; and 3) optimize the alignment between financial support and industrial structure to enable deeper integration of data as a production factor into collective-economy development.

关键词

农业数字化转型 / 新型农村集体经济 / 规模经营 / 创业效应

Key words

agricultural digital transformation / new rural collective economy / scale operation / entrepreneurial effect

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基金资助

国家社会科学基金西部项目(22XGL022)

陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项(2025HZ0659)