高原河谷地区村庄分类与空间布局优化研究——以米林市为例

Village Classification and Spatial Layout Optimization in Plateau River-Valley Areas：A case Study of Milin City

摘要

首先从人口规模与用地、村庄分布、村庄设施、村庄产业4个方面深入剖析西藏米林市域村庄发展的现状及问题，在此基础上构建了包含村庄自然环境、村庄资源禀赋、村庄居民点现状、区位条件、经济发展水平、区域发展机遇6个层面13个具体评价因子的村庄发展潜力评价指标体系。然后采用层次分析法确定每个评价因子权重，再通过多因素综合法测算每个村庄的发展潜力，在以发展潜力测算结果为主要参考的基础上，综合考虑各村庄发展潜力大小、地理区位、独特资源和发展基础等因素，最终将米林市域村庄划分为六大类，并按照分类标准对每个村庄进行了归类。结果表明：在68个村庄中，城郊融合类村庄为7个，集聚提升类村庄为7个，特色保护类村庄为4个，守土固边类村庄为20个，保留改善类村庄为2个，搬迁撤并类村庄为28个。最后根据村庄分类结果，从乡村振兴总体格局、农业空间格局、生态空间保护机制三方面提出米林市域村庄空间优化整体策略，并针对六类村庄各自特征提出相应的规划建设指引，以期为高原河谷地区村庄布局优化提供方法与思路。

Abstract

This study first conducts an in-depth analysis of the current situation and key problems of village development in Milin City, Tibet, from four aspects: population size and land use, village distribution, village facilities, and village industries. On this basis, it constructs a village development potential evaluation system comprising 13 specific indicators across six dimensions: natural environment, resource endowment, settlement conditions, locational conditions, level of economic development, and regional development opportunities. The analytic hierarchy process is then used to determine indicator weights, and a multi-factor comprehensive method is applied to calculate each village's development potential. Using the potential results as the primary reference, and considering each village's development potential, geographic location, distinctive resources, and development foundation, villages are ultimately classified into six types and each village is assigned accordingly. The results show that among 68 villages, there are 7 suburban integration villages, 7 agglomeration-and-upgrading villages, 4 featured conservation villages, 20 border-defense and territory-preserving villages, 2 retention-and-improvement villages, and 28 relocation-and-consolidation villages. Finally, based on the classification outcomes, the paper proposes overall strategies for spatial optimization of villages in Milin city from three perspectives—an overall rural revitalization pattern, an agricultural spatial pattern, and an ecological-space protection mechanism—and provides targeted planning and construction guidance for each of the six village types, with the aim of offering methods and ideas for optimizing village layouts in plateau river-valley areas.

关键词

村庄分类 / 发展潜力 / 空间布局 / 高原河谷地区 / 米林市

Key words

village classification / development potential / spatial layout / plateau river-valley area / Milin city

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