数字经济对农村能源贫困的影响研究

The Impacts of Digital Economy on Rural Energy Poverty

摘要

破解农村能源贫困是推进乡村全面振兴、落实“双碳”发展战略、实现人与自然和谐共生的关键任务。当前我国农村仍面临能源可及性不足、用能成本偏高、基础设施滞后等结构性难题，而数字经济作为驱动要素配置重构、赋能传统产业升级的关键力量，为破解农村能源贫困提供了新路径。基于2014—2023年我国30个省（市、区）面板数据，采用熵值法分别构建数字经济发展综合指数与农村能源贫困多维指数，运用双向固定效应模型，实证检验数字经济对农村能源贫困的影响效应，并通过多重稳健性检验验证结论可靠性。进一步构建中介效应模型，识别数字经济缓解农村能源贫困的传导路径。最后采用Hansen面板门槛回归模型，结合Bootstrap自抽样法，检验数字经济影响农村能源贫困的非线性门槛特征，并开展区域异质性分析，探究不同发展条件下数字经济能源减贫效应的差异化规律。研究结果表明，数字经济对农村能源贫困具有显著的缓解作用，且该结论经过多重稳健性检验后依然成立。机制检验表明，数字经济主要通过2条路径发挥减贫效能：1）推动产业结构升级，创造更多就业岗位与增收机会，增强农村居民能源消费支付能力；2）赋能农村能源基础设施水平提升，优化能源供给结构与配置效率，改善农村用能条件。异质性分析结果表明，数字经济的减贫效应具有显著的区域差异，整体呈现“西部最强、中部次之、东部不显著”的特征，且在经济欠发达地区的作用更为突出。门槛效应检验表明，数字经济对农村能源贫困的缓解作用存在单一门槛特征，当数字经济发展水平跨越门槛临界值后，其缓解效应显著增强。基于上述研究结论，提出以下政策建议：加快农村数字基础设施建设，补齐中西部地区数字短板，夯实能源数字化转型基础；推动数字经济与农村产业深度融合，以产业升级带动居民增收，从根源上缓解能源贫困；实施差异化数字赋能策略，重点支持欠发达地区数字经济发展，充分释放数字减贫红利；健全农村能源数字化服务体系，推动能源基础设施智能化升级，实现能源减贫与“双碳”目标协同推进。

Abstract

Alleviating rural energy poverty is critical to rural revitalization, the “dual carbon” strategy, and human-nature harmony. Rural China still faces insufficient energy access, high energy costs, and lagging infrastructure. As a key force reshaping factor allocation and upgrading traditional industries, the digital economy offers a new path. Using panel data from 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2014 to 2023, this study constructs a digital economy development index and a multidimensional rural energy poverty index via the entropy weight method. It uses a two-way fixed effects model to test the impact, a mediation model to identify transmission paths, and a Hansen panel threshold model with Bootstrap to examine nonlinear threshold effects and regional heterogeneity. Results show that digital economy significantly alleviates rural energy poverty, and this conclusion remains robust after multiple checks. Mechanistically, it reduces energy poverty by promoting industrial upgrading, creating jobs and income, and by improving rural energy infrastructure and supply efficiency. The effect is strongest in the west, weaker in the center, and insignificant in the east, and is more pronounced in less developed areas. It also has a single-threshold feature. Once digital economy development crosses the threshold, its alleviating effect strengthens markedly. Policy recommendations include accelerating rural digital infrastructure, closing digital gaps in central and western regions, deepening integration between the digital economy and rural industries to raise incomes, adopting differentiated digital empowerment strategies for underdeveloped areas, and improving digital energy services and intelligent infrastructure to coordinate energy poverty reduction with the “dual carbon” goals.

关键词

数字经济 / 农村能源贫困 / 产业结构升级 / 农村能源基础设施 / 门槛效应

Key words

digital economy / rural energy poverty / industrial structure upgrading / rural energy infrastructure / threshold-effect

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基金资助

陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题重点智库研究项目(2021ZD0998)

碳达峰、碳中和政策体系研究(2021D1001)

陕西省人大财经委高质量发展专题调研课题研究项目(2022HZ1541)

延安大学2025年研究生科研创新计划项目(YKY2025058)