目标-利益-检查闭环下的金属矿山品位精确管控制度体系研究与实践——以谦比希铜矿为例

Precise Grade Management and Control System for Metal Mines under a Target-Benefit-Check Closed Loop: A Case Study of the Chambishi Copper Mine

摘要

矿山品位控制不仅是单纯的技术管控工作，更是一项涉及组织协调、制度落地执行与多主体协同联动的系统性治理工程。在资源品位持续走低、开采深度不断加大以及环保约束日趋严格的背景下，如何构建科学完善的品位管控体系，实现降本、提质、增效目标，提升资源利用水平与企业经营效益，已经成为矿山企业亟待解决的核心难题。基于目标-利益-检查（TBC）理论，构建适配复杂采矿组织场景的闭环品位管控制度体系，并结合现场实践检验该体系的实际治理效能。以谦比希铜矿为研究对象，构建 “生产监督优化-下限管理-上限管理” 三阶段品位管控模式。通过生产调研与工序剖析，识别品位管控的薄弱环节；建立节点质量管控与信息反馈机制，实现监督闭环；制度化下限管理以明确操作边界、强化责任传导；上限管理通过岗位激励和合同挂钩，实现利益协同与行为优化。在3年实践中，选取贫化率、出矿品位稳定性及管理绩效指标对闭环效果进行量化评估。研究表明，TBC闭环管理模式能够实现组织目标、激励机制与监督体系的动态耦合，形成自反馈、自修正能力的管理循环。谦比希铜矿在3年内贫化率由77%下降至36%，显著优于同类矿山5%~8%的国家标准限值；出矿品位保持稳定提升，信息传递渠道、成本控制和收益管理均实现螺旋式优化；监督及时性、制度执行力及激励有效性显著增强。三阶段管控体系相互衔接，从生产监督到激励约束形成渐进闭环，验证了体系在多主体协作和复杂采矿环境下的可行性与有效性。TBC闭环为矿山品位管控提供了系统性治理思路。通过目标锚定、利益绑定和检查纠偏，可实现组织内部方向对齐与行为约束，形成具有自我驱动与修正功能的管理闭环；三阶段管理路径确保制度执行与激励机制的有效衔接，实现动态优化和持续改进；实践结果显示，该体系可显著降低贫化率、稳定出矿品位，并提升监督和管理绩效。

Abstract

Mine grade control is not merely a purely technical management task, but a systematic governance project involving organizational coordination, institutional implementation, and multi-agent collaborative interaction. Against the backdrop of continuously declining ore grades,increasing mining depths and stringent environmental constraints, how to build a scientifically sound grade control system to achieve the goals of cost reduction, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, and to improve the level of resource utilization and corporate operating benefits, has become a core challenge urgently requiring resolution by mining enterprises. Based on the Target-Benefit-Check (TBC) theory, a closed-loop grade control institutional system adapted to complex mining organization scenarios is constructed, and the actual governance effectiveness of this system is tested through field practice. Taking the Chambishi Copper Mine as the research object, a three-stage grade control model of “production supervision optimization-lower limit management-upper limit management” is constructed. Through production surveys and process analysis, the weaknesses in grade control are identified; node quality control and information feedback mechanisms are established to achieve a closed supervision loop; lower limit management is institutionalized to clarify operational boundaries and strengthen responsibility transmission; and upper limit management achieves interest alignment and behavioral optimization through position incentives and contract linkage. In three years of practice, dilution rate, ore grade stability, and management performance indicators are selected to quantitatively evaluate the closed-loop effect. The research shows that the TBC closed-loop management model can achieve dynamic coupling among organizational goals, incentive mechanisms, and the supervision system, forming a management cycle with self-feedback and self-correction capabilities. At the Chambishi Copper Mine, the dilution rate decreases from 7.7% to 3.6% within three years, significantly outperforming the national standard limit of 5%-8% for similar mines; ore grade maintains a stable improvement, and information transmission channels, cost control, and revenue management all achieve spiral optimization; the timeliness of supervision, institutional execution, and incentive effectiveness are significantly enhanced. The three-stage control system is interconnected, forming a progressive closed loop from production supervision to incentive constraints, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the system under multi-agent collaboration and complex mining environment. The TBC closed loop provides a systematic governance approach for mine grade control. Through goal anchoring, interest binding, and inspection-based correction, it enables directional alignment and behavioral constraints within the organization, forming a management closed loop with self-driving and self-correcting functions. The three-stage management path ensures effective connection between institutional implementation and incentive mechanisms, achieving dynamic optimization and continuous improvement. Practical results show that this system can significantly reduce the dilution rate, stabilize the ore grade, and improve supervision and management performance.

关键词

TBC理论 / 品位控制 / 制度体系 / 出矿品位 / 谦比希铜矿

Key words

TBC theory / grade control / institutional system / output ore grade / Changbaishi Copper Mine

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基金资助

中国有色集团有限公司科研项目(2023KY03)