基于“抗氧化-炎症-色素沉着轴”优化白芍的提取工艺与美白功效评价
徐乔 , 李文杰 , 张馨月 , 陈越 , 蒋子通 , 李光哲 , 严铭铭
南方医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (02) : 443 -455.
基于“抗氧化-炎症-色素沉着轴”优化白芍的提取工艺与美白功效评价
Optimized extraction of active components of Paeonia lactiflora and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and pigmentation-reducing effects for skin whitening
目的 优化白芍提取工艺,建立白芍提取物(BST)多指标含量检测方法,并初步探讨其对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞(B16F10)的酪氨酸酶(TYR)活性抑制作用和对人永生化表皮细胞(HaCaT)中ROS水平的降低作用,并对BST对体内小鼠模型治疗效果进行评估。 方法 以分子对接手段确定潜在TYR抑制剂成分为没食子酸、甘草苷及芍药苷;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)建立BST液相图谱,测定3种潜在TYR抑制剂的含量,并进行方法学验证;通过熵权法计算3种潜在TYR抑制剂的含量、TYR抑制活性及DPPH及自由基清除能力的综合评分作为响应值,采用单因素结合响应面分析法考察溶剂配比、液料比、提取时间以及粉碎目数等因素对BST提取工艺的影响,以确定最优提取工艺;通过设置黑色素-酪氨酸酶B16F10细胞实验空白组(正常培养)、模型组(α-MSH处理)、给药组(α-MSH +BST)、Hacat细胞体外抗氧化活性试验空白组[正常培养,模型组双氧水(H2O2)处理)、给药组(H2O2+BST处理)以验证作用机制。通过UVB辐射暴露系统建立小鼠黑色素瘤模型,BST(100、150、200 mg/kg)给予0.2 mL的混悬液灌胃,结合观察实验动物背部皮肤状态、Fontana-Masson银染色结果以及检测血清样本中参与调控黑色素生成、转运或代谢及抗炎相关细胞因子水平指标综合评估BST体内美白作用效果。 结果 分子对接结果显示BST中潜在TYR抑制剂与TYR蛋白结构的残基存在相互作用关系,建立了BST潜在TYR抑制剂的HPLC含量测定方法,方法学验证表明该方法稳定可行;单因素-响应面实验表明BST最优提取工艺为提取溶剂50%乙醇,液料比1∶15,提取时间1h,粉碎目数20目;BST对DPPH自由基以及羟自由基具有直接清除作用,能显著减少细胞中黑色素的形成并提高B16细胞内TYR蛋白的相对含量并降低HaCat细胞中ROS水平,并在体内通过抑制TYR与TNF-α (P<0.01)直接抑制黑色素合成关键酶与间接抗炎的双重美白机制,双向调节色素代谢,有效逆转UVB诱导的皮肤光老化及色素沉着。 结论 基于单因素响应面法优化的BST提取工艺稳定可靠、预测性良好,药理分析研究表明BST的美白作用可能是通过抑制TYR活性和调节氧化应激和炎症通路的双向调节机制而实现的。
Objective To optimize the extraction process of the active components of Radix Paeoniae Alba and assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and pigmentation-reducing effects of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract (BST). Methods Molecular docking identified gallic acid, liquiritin, and paeoniflorin as potential tyrosinase inhibitors, and their contents in BST were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Based on the contents of the 3 inhibitors, their tyrosinase-inhibiting activity, and DPPH radical scavenging capacity calculated using entropy weight method, the extraction conditions were optimized for solvent ratio, liquid-to-solid ratio, extraction time, and particle size. The inhibitory effects of BST on tyrosinase activity and melanin were assessed in α‑MSH-treated B16F10 cells, and its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated in H₂O₂-treated HaCaT cells. In a mouse model of melanogenesis induced by UVB radiation, the effect of BST gavage (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg) were evaluated by assessing skin conditions of the mice, Fontana-Masson staining, and detecting serum levels of cytokines related to melanogenesis, melanosome transport, metabolism, and inflammation. Results The optimized parameters for BST extraction included 50% ethanol, liquid-to-solid ratio of 15:1, extraction time of 1 h, and 20-mesh particle size. BST exhibited strong free radical-scavenging activity and significantly reduced melanogenesis and increased tyrosinase protein in B16 cells, and lowered ROS production in HaCaT cells. In the mouse models of melanogenesis, BST significantly suppressed the melanogenic enzymes and inflammatory responses by reducing the levels of tyrosinase and TNF-α, thereby effectively reversed UVB-induced photoaging and hyperpigmentation. Conclusion The optimized BST extraction process is stable and predictable. BST shows good skin-whitening effect, which is mediated possibly by inhibiting tyrosinase activity and modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways.
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吉林省人参产业技术体系项目(JLARS-2025-040210)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202301ZYTS114)
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