高中生在线风险暴露与心理健康的关系:个体中心的视角

Relationship between online risk exposure and mental health among high school students: a person-centered perspective

摘要

为探讨高中生在线风险暴露的潜在类别及其与心理健康的关系,采用在线风险暴露量表、抑郁量表、焦虑量表、自尊量表和主观幸福感量表对1579名高中生进行调查.结果显示:女生、低年级学生、家庭经济条件较差者及学业成绩不佳者,均属于心理健康风险较高的群体.高中生在线风险暴露可分为低风险组(63%)、不良内容暴露组(31%)和高风险组(6%),各组高中生的抑郁与焦虑程度逐渐加剧,而自尊和主观幸福感水平则逐渐降低.该结果提示高中生在线风险暴露存在异质性,在开展心理辅导工作时,建议优先筛查高风险人群,其次筛查不良内容暴露人群,并针对不同群体实施差异化干预措施.

Abstract

To explore the latent profiles of online risk exposure among high school students and their relationship with mental health, this study conducted a survey of 1579 high school students using the Online Risk Exposure Scale, Depression Scale, Anxiety Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, and Subjective Well-Being Scale. The results revealed that female students, lower-grade students, those from economically disadvantaged families, and academically underperforming students constituted higher-risk groups for mental health issues. High school students' online risk exposure could be categorized into three latent profiles: low-risk group (63%), harmful-content-exposed group (31%), and high-risk group (6%). Across these groups, the levels of depression and anxiety increased progressively, while self-esteem and subjective well-being decreased gradually. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of online risk exposure among high school students. For psychological intervention work, it is recommended to prioritize screening high-risk groups first, followed by the harmful-content-exposed group, and implement tailored interventions for different groups.

关键词

在线风险暴露 / 抑郁 / 焦虑 / 心理健康 / 潜在剖面分析

Key words

online risk exposure / depression / anxiety / mental health / latent profile analysis

参考文献

[1] PURBA A K, THOMSON R M, HENERY P M, et al. Social media use and health risk behaviours in young people: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. British Medical Journal, 2023, 383: e073552.

[2] XIN S F, ZHANG Y L, SHENG L, et al. The impact of social change on the decreasing trend of subjective well-being in Chinese adolescents: a cross-temporal meta-analysis[J]. Children and Youth Services Review, 2023, 150: 106988.

[3] WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. World mental health report: transforming mental health for all[EB/OL]. (2022-06-16)[2024-12-20]. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049338.

[4] ZHOU X Y, BAMBLING M, BAI X J, et al. Chinese school adolescents' stress experience and coping strategies: a qualitative study[J]. BMC Psychology, 2023, 11(1): 91.

[5] 于晓琪, 张亚利, 俞国良. 2010-2020中国内地高中生心理健康问题检出率的元分析[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(5): 978-990.

[6] SONG H J, MU Y F, WANG C, et al. Academic performance and mental health among Chinese middle and high school students after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions[J]. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2023, 14: 1248541.

[7] TWENGE J M, HAIDT J, LOZANO J, et al. Specification curve analysis shows that social media use is linked to poor mental health, especially among girls[J]. Acta Psychologica, 2022, 224: 103512.

[8] SHIN W, LWIN M O. How does talking about the internet with others affect teenagers' experience of online risks? The role of active mediation by parents, peers, and school teachers[J]. New Media & Society, 2017, 19(7): 1109-1126.

[9] WEI B, SHI H X, YU X, et al. GR/Ahi1 regulates WDR68-DYRK1A binding and mediates cognitive impairment in prenatally stressed offspring[J]. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2024, 81(1): 20.

[10] ZHANG S Y, SULUNG R M B, HASSAN N B C. Perceived double reduction policy, perception of educational involution: exploring the mediating role of parental educational anxiety and the moderating influence of gender: insights from a survey conducted in a city in China[J]. European Journal of Education, 2024, 59(2): e12604.

[11] WISNIEWSKI P, JIA H Y, WANG N, et al. Resilience mitigates the negative effects of adolescent internet addiction and online risk exposure[C]// Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2015: 4029-4038.

[12] 张亚利, 靳康悦, 安莉娟, 等. 网络风险暴露量表在中国青少年中的初步应用[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2024, 32(6): 1383-1387.

[13] 中国互联网络信息中心. 《第5次全国未成年人互联网使用情况调查报告》发布[EB/OL].(2023-12-25)[2024-12-20]. https://cnnic.cn/n4/2023/1225/c116-10908.html.

[14] MADIGAN S, VILLANI A, AZZOPARDI C, et al. The prevalence of unwanted online sexual exposure and solicitation among youth: a meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2018, 63(2): 133-141.

[15] AGNEW R. Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency[J]. Criminology, 1992, 30(1): 47-88.

[16] STROHACKER E, WRIGHT L E, WATTS S J. Gender, bullying victimization, depressive symptoms, and suicidality[J]. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 2021, 65(10/11): 1123-1142.

[17] SANTA MARIA A, REICHERT F, HUMMELS B, et al. Effects of rumination on intrusive memories: Does processing mode matter?[J]. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2012, 43(3): 901-909.

[18] LIU C M, LIU Z, YUAN G Z. The longitudinal influence of cyberbullying victimization on depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms: the mediation role of rumination[J]. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 2020, 34(4): 206-210.

[19] SARHANGI N, ROSTAMI M, ABBASI RAD R, et al. Cyber victimization and suicidal behavior in high school students: the mediating role of psychological problems and perceived social support[J]. Psychology in the Schools, 2023, 60(7): 2395-2408.

[20] 曲姗, 胜利. 广泛性焦虑量表在综合医院心理科门诊筛查广泛性焦虑障碍的诊断试验[J]. 中国心理卫生杂志, 2015, 29(12): 939-944.

[21] 何津, 陈祉妍, 郭菲, 等. 流调中心抑郁量表中文简版的编制[J]. 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志, 2013, 22(12): 1133-1136.

[22] CHANG C W, YUAN R, CHEN J K. Social support and depression among Chinese adolescents: the mediating roles of self-esteem and self-efficacy[J]. Children and Youth Services Review, 2018, 88: 128-134.

[23] BAE S M. The relationship between smartphone use for communication, social capital, and subjective well-being in Korean adolescents: verification using multiple latent growth modeling[J]. Children and Youth Services Review, 2019, 96: 93-99.

[24] 汤丹丹, 温忠麟. 共同方法偏差检验:问题与建议[J]. 心理科学, 2020, 43(1): 215-223.

[25] COHEN J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences[M]. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2013.

[26] KVÁRDOVÁ N, MACHÁČKOVÁ H, GULEČ I. I wish my body looked like theirs!: how positive appearance comments on social media impact adolescents' body dissatisfaction[J]. Body Image, 2023, 47: 101630.

[27] YU W, CHENG G, HUANG J J, et al. Trajectory of first-year students' depressive mood after the transition to high school: the role of personality dimensions[J]. School Psychology International, 2022, 43(1): 38-54.

[28] VALKENBURG P M, VAN DRIEL I I, BEYENS I. The associations of active and passive social media use with well-being: a critical scoping review[J]. New Media & Society, 2022, 24(2): 530-549.

基金资助

河北省社会科学基金项目(HB24JY023)