住培医师心理健康状况与潜在风险调查研究
Mental health status and potential risks among resident physicians
目的 调查住院医师心理健康状况,分析其短期心理困扰与相对稳定人格特质之间的关系,识别高心理障碍风险个体。 方法 对2024年11月在深圳市人民医院参加住院医师规范化培训的692名住培医师进行心理测评,使用90项症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist-90,SCL-90)与明尼苏达多相人格问卷(Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory,MMPI)。经答题时间及逻辑一致性筛查,纳入有效样本572份。采用描述性统计、Spearman秩相关分析,并探讨两量表各维度间的相关性。同时,对160名住培医师开展半结构式访谈,深入了解短期心理困扰及人格特质,结合访谈内容对测评结果进行情境解释和补充。 结果 SCL-90与 MMPI 在本研究样本中均表现出良好的内部一致性信度和结构适配性。相关分析结果显示,MMPI 各临床量表与 SCL-90各症状因子总体相关性较弱。其中,MMPI 抑郁量表与 SCL-90抑郁因子呈弱负相关(r=-0.11,P<0.001),MMPI精神衰弱量表与SCL-90焦虑因子呈弱负相关(r=-0.11,P<0.001),其余对应维度相关性不显著。访谈结果表明,住培医师短期压力与人格特质表现可能不同步,提示量表测量维度存在时间尺度差异。 结论 住培医师群体中36.19%存在心理亚健康。SCL-90偏重短期心理症状与主观压力体验,而MMPI反映相对稳定的人格特质和心理应对方式。联合使用两量表可实现症状与人格双维度的多维评估,为分层干预、心理风险识别和精细化教学管理提供科学依据。
Objective To investigate the mental health status of resident physicians undergoing standardized residency training, analyze the relationship between short-term psychological distress and relatively stable personality traits, identify individuals at high potential psychological risk. Methods A psychological assessment was conducted among 692 resident physicians using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI). After excluding invalid responses based on response time and logical consistency, 572 valid questionnaires were included in the final analysis. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation analyses were performed to examine associations among all dimensions of the two scales. Meanwhile, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 160 resident physicians to explore their short-term psychological distress and personality traits, coping experiences, and perceived stressors, thereby providing contextual interpretation and supplementation of the quantitative findings. Results Both the SCL-90 and MMPI demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and structural adequacy in the study sample. Correlation analyses indicated generally weak associations between MMPI clinical scales and corresponding SCL-90 symptom dimensions. Specifically, the MMPI depression scale was weakly negatively correlated with the SCL-90 depression factor (r=-0.11, P<0.001), and the MMPI psychasthenia scale was weakly negatively correlated with the SCL-90 anxiety factor (r=-0.11, P<0.001). No significant correlations were observed for other corresponding dimensions. Qualitative findings suggested that short-term psychological distress experienced by resident physicians did not necessarily align with their underlying personality traits, indicating a potential discrepancy between transient stress responses and relatively stable psychological characteristics. Conclusion The findings indicate approximately 36.19% of resident physicians were identified as having subclinical psychological problems. The SCL-90 primarily captures short-term psychological symptoms and subjective stress experiences, whereas the MMPI reflects relatively stable personality traits and coping patterns. The combined use of these instruments enables a multidimensional assessment of residents' mental health status, providing an evidence base for stratified interventions, psychological risk identification and refined educational management.
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