1.Center for Quantitative Biology,College of Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China
2.Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental Station,Northwest Institute of Eco⁃Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China
Artemisia halodendron population on semi⁃fixed and mobile sand dunes of Horqin Sandy Land was studied. The spatial distribution pattern and its correlation of Artemisia halodendron population at 0-20 m scale on two different types of sand dunes were analyzed by using spatial point pattern method. The results showed that the number of Artemisia halodendron on semi⁃fixed sand dune was much larger than that in mobile sand dune. The population structure in different growth and development stages on semi⁃fixed sand dunes showed biased normal distribution, belonging to stable population. The population structure at different growth and development stages on the mobile dunes showed an inverse "J" shape, belonging to the growth population. The Artemisia halodendron population and its individuals at different growth and development stages on the two different types of sand dunes showed an aggregation distribution. With the increase of the scale, the aggregation intensity gradually weakened, and the population tended to change to random distribution. The positive correlation between individuals at different growth and development stages in semi⁃fixed dunes was stronger than in mobile sand dunes. There were positive correlations between seedling and vegetative plants, seedling and reproductive plants, vegetative and reproductive plants on the two types of sand dunes, and the correlations were gradually weakened with the increase of scale. The results of this study are of great significance to the conservation and utilization of Artemisia halodendron population in this area, and also have great significance for the formulation of wind prevention and sand fixation in this area in the future.
种群空间分布格局的研究方法众多,如早期的样方法、频次检验法、分布型指数法等[8]。这些方法一般常用来分析单个尺度下种群的空间分布格局。然而,种群空间格局与尺度是密切相关的,在不同的尺度上往往表现出不同的分布类型。因此,单一尺度分析得到的结果往往与实际群落结构存在较大的偏差,不能准确反映种群在空间上的分布特点和种间的相互关系[9~11]。为了解决这一问题,研究者提出了可以分析任意一种尺度上点状要素的Ripley K 函数点格局分析法。1977年,Ripley最早提出了该方法,随后张金屯等学者将其引入我国并开展了不同种群的点格局分析[9]。该方法利用植物个体在空间中的位置信息,可以分析任意尺度下种群的空间格局,具有较强的检验能力[7]。但是,Ripley’s K函数是一个累积分布函数,小尺度空间格局的累积效应会影响较大尺度的空间格局。随后,研究者又提出了可以克服Ripley’s函数累积效应的函数[12]。利用单变量函数可以分析任意尺度下物种的空间分布格局与聚集程度,利用双变量函数可以分析物种间的空间关联性。
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